孤独症儿童家长亲职压力与一般自我效能感、人格特征的关系研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 02:10

本文选题：孤独症 + 亲职压力　；参考：《宁夏医科大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的通过研究孤独症儿童家长亲职压力的状况，考察孤独症儿童家长一般自我效能感、人格特征对亲职压力的影响，为制定缓解孤独症儿童家长亲职压力,并选择有效的心理护理干预方法提供理论依据和合理建议。方法观察组以43例来源于宁夏医科大学总医院心身医学科、宁夏残联和银川市两所孤独症训练中心的孤独症儿童家长为研究对象，在银川市某幼儿园随机选取86位一般健康儿童家长作为对照组，尽可能使年龄、性别、父母文化程度相匹配。使用结构式问卷对研究对象进行资料收集，包括一般情况调查问卷、亲职压力量表简表、艾森克人格问卷、一般自我效能感量表。所得数据输入SPSS13.0统计学软件并对数据采用统计学描述、t检验、单因素方差分析、卡方检验、Pearson相关分析和多因素回归分析(逐步回归法)。结果（1）两组一般资料的比较观察组与对照组在性别、年龄、父母文化程度、等方面无显著差异性（P0.05）。（2）孤独症儿童家长亲职压力量表总分及亲职愁苦、亲子互动失调、困难儿童维度得分均高于正常对照组，差异有统计学意义（P0.01）。（3）艾森克人格问卷的比较在EPQ人格分量表（E,N,P,L）得分上，孤独症儿童家长内外向因子（E）得分低于对照组(P0.01)，神经质因子（N）得分高于对照组(P0.01)；精神质（P）、掩饰性（L）二项因子得分与对照组差异无统计学意义（P0.05）。（4）一般自我效能感量表的比较孤独症儿童家长一般自我效能感得分低于正常对照组，，差异具有统计学意义（P0.01）。（5）孤独症儿童家长亲职压力与人格特征的相关分析亲职愁苦维度与内外向因子（E）呈显著负相关（r=-0.418,P=0.005）,与神经质因子（N）呈显著正相关(r=0.400,P=0.008)；亲子互动失调维度与神经质因子（N）呈正相关（r=0.342,P=0.025）；困难儿童维度与内外向因子（E）呈负相关（r=-0.312,P=0.042）,与神经质因子（N）呈正相关（r=0.303, P=0.048）；亲职压力总分与内外向因子（E）呈负相关(r=-0.422, P=0.005)，与神经质因子（N）呈正相关(r=0.483, P=0.001）。（6）孤独症儿童家长亲职压力和一般自我效能感的相关分析孤独症儿童家长亲职压力总分和亲职愁苦、亲子互动失调、困难儿童维度与一般自我效能感均呈负相关（r=-0.364,P=0.016; r=-0.326, P=0.033; r=-0.511, P=0.000; r=-0.466, P=0.002）。（7）孤独症儿童家长一般自我效能感和人格特征的相关分析内外向因子（E）与一般自我效能感呈正相关（r=0.575,P=0.000）,神经质因子（N）与一般自我效能感呈负相关（r=-0.333, P=0.029）。（8）多元逐步回归分析一般自我效能感、神经质因子（N）和婚姻状况是亲职压力的重要预测因子（R2=0.243; R2=0.132; R2=0.123）。结论（1）与正常儿童家长相比孤独症儿童家长出现高水平亲职压力的比例更高、程度更严重。（2）孤独症儿童家长一般自我效能感和人格因素与亲职压力存在显著相关，一般自我效能感较强、情绪稳定、性格外向的家长亲职压力水平较低。（3）孤独症儿童家长一般自我效能感和人格特征是亲职压力的有效预测变量，提示医护人员应加强关注患儿家长的心理健康，提高他们的一般自我效能感，促进其人格的健康发展,以降低亲职压力水平。
[Abstract]:The parents of children with autism research and parenting stress in parents of children with autism on general self-efficacy, effect of personality characteristics on parenting stress, for ease of parenting stress in parents of children with autism, and choose the effective psychological nursing intervention method provides theoretical basis and reasonable proposals.
Methods 43 cases in observation group from the Department of psychosomatic medicine of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia CDPF and Yinchuan City Autism Training Center of autistic parents as the research object, in a kindergarten in Yinchuan city were randomly selected from the 86 general health of parents of children as the control group, as far as possible so that the age, gender, parents' education level match. Using a structured questionnaire to collect data of the object of study, including questionnaires in general, parenting stress scale, Eysenck personality questionnaire, general self-efficacy scale. The data input SPSS13.0 statistical software and the statistical description of the data, t test, one-way ANOVA, chi square test, Pearson regression analysis correlation analysis and multivariate (stepwise regression).
Results (1) general data of the two groups the observation group compared with the control group in gender, age, level of education of parents, and no significant difference (P0.05). (2) the parents of children with autism parenting stress scale scores and parental anxiety disorders, parent-child interaction, child dimension difficult points were higher than that of normal control group, the difference was statistically significant (P0.01). (3) Eysenck personality questionnaire in EPQ personality scale (E, N, P, L) score, parents of autistic children of internal and external factor (E) was lower than that of control group (P0.01), neuroticism (N) score higher than the control group (P0.01) the spirit of quality; (P), camouflage (L) two factor scores and the control group had no significant difference (P0.05). (4) the general self-efficacy scale comparison of parents of autistic children general self-efficacy scores were lower than the normal control group, the difference was statistically significant (P0.01) (5) parents. Autistic children parenting stress Correlation analysis of parental anxiety and personality dimensions and internal and external factor (E) showed a significant negative correlation (r=-0.418, P=0.005), and neuroticism (N) showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.400, P=0.008); parent-child dysfunctional interaction with neuroticism factor (N) positive correlation (r= 0.342, P=0.025); children the dimensions and internal and external factor (E) was negatively correlated (r=-0.312, P=0.042), and neuroticism (N) positive correlation (r=0.303, P=0.048); Pro score and parenting stress to the inside and outside factor (E) was negatively correlated (r=-0.422, P=0.005), and neuroticism (N) positive correlation (r=0.483, P=0.001) (6). Correlation analysis of parenting stress in parents of children with autism and general self-efficacy of parents of children with autism parenting stress and parenting anxiety scores, parent-child interaction disorder, dimensions of children difficult and general self-efficacy was negatively correlated (r=-0.364, P=0.016; r=-0.326, P=0.033; r=-0.511, P=0.00 0; r=-0.466, P=0.002). (7) the parents of children with autism in general self-efficacy and personality characteristics analysis of internal and external factor (E) and general self-efficacy were positively correlated (r=0.575, P=0.000), neuroticism (N) had negative correlation with general self-efficacy (r= -0.333, P=0.029 (8). Multiple stepwise regression analysis) general self-efficacy, neuroticism factor (N) and marital status are important predictors of parental stress (R2=0.243; R2=0.132; R2=0.123).
Conclusion (1) compared with the normal children's parents in parents of children with autism have high levels of parenting stress was higher, more severe. (2) there is a significant correlation of parents of autistic children's general self-efficacy and personality factors and parenting stress, general self-efficacy is strong, emotional stability, extroverted parents' the pressure level is low. (3) the parents of children with autism in general self-efficacy and personality traits are predictive variables of parenting stress, indicating that the medical staff should strengthen the attention of parents of children with mental health, improve their sense of general self efficiency, and promote the healthy development of their personality, to reduce Parenting stress levels.

【学位授予单位】：宁夏医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R749.94

【参考文献】