儿童肺炎支原体感染的流行病学特征及与气候、空气污染因素的相关性研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 04:26

  本文选题：肺炎支原体 + 儿童　； 参考：《宁波大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:1.研究宁波地区儿童肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma Pneumoniae,MP)感染的流行病学特征。2.探讨MP感染与气候及空气污染因素PM2.5的相关性。方法:对宁波市妇女儿童医院2013年-2015年住院患儿用被动凝集法进行MP-Ig M(Immunoglobulin M)检测,同时收集宁波地区2013年-2015年月气象数据(包括月平均气温、月平均湿度、月平均风速、月总降水量、月总日照)及空气污染因素PM2.5的月平均数据。不同年份、季节、性别、年龄分组的组间阳性率比较采用卡方检验,MP感染率与气候因素、空气污染因素PM2.5之间的相关性采用Pearson相关分析及多元逐步回归分析。结果:1.2013年-2015年共检测病例28861例,其中MP感染例数6618例,总检出率22.93%。2013年、2014年、2015年的MP感染率分别为20.95%(2511/11986)、21.73%(1244/5725)、25.68%(2863/11150),检出率呈逐年递增趋势.所有检测病例中,男性检出率20.51%(3534/17232),女性检出率26.52%(3084/11629),女性MP感染率高于男性。2.MP在各年龄组的检出情况如下:婴儿组4.66%、幼儿组23.79%、学龄前组33.11%、学龄期组34.81%,检出率随年龄增长而升高,以学龄期组最高,婴儿组最低。3.对连续3年检测的28861病例进行季节分布分析,其中春季检出率20.18%,(1453/7201),夏季检出率26.94%(1977/7339),,秋季检出率25.70%(1843/7170),冬季检出率18.81%(1345/7151),以夏季最高,冬季最低。4.将MP感染率与气候因素进行相关性分析及回归分析:MP感染率与月平均气温呈中度正相关,与月平均湿度、月总降水量呈低度正相关,与月平均风速、月总日照不相关。MP感染与月平均气温回归方程为MP感染率(%)=15.437+0.414×月平均气温(℃)),即随着月平均气温上升MP感染率上升。5 MP感染率与空气污染因素PM2.5相关性分析及回归分析结果显示:MP感染率与月平均PM2.5呈中度负相关,并得出回归方程为MP感染率(%)=29.777-0.162×PM2.5(μg/m3)),即PM2.5每下降1μg/m3,MP感染率上升0.16%。结论:1.2013-2015年宁波地区儿童的MP感染率呈逐年递增趋势。2.女性MP感染率高于男性,感染率随年龄增加而增高,以学龄期儿童高发,MP感染的高峰在夏季,低谷在冬季。3.气候因素对MP的检出率存在影响,MP检出率与月平均温度、月平均相对湿度,月总降水量呈正相关。MP检出率随着气温上升而升高。4.MP检出率随PM2.5的下降而上升。MP感染率(%)=29.777-0.162×PM2.5(μg/m3))。
[Abstract]:Purpose 1. To study the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae MPI infection in children in Ningbo. To investigate the correlation between MP infection and climate and air pollution factor PM2.5. Methods: MP-Ig M(Immunoglobulin M was detected by passive agglutination method in Ningbo Women and Children Hospital from 2013 to 2015. Monthly meteorological data (including monthly mean temperature, monthly average humidity, monthly mean wind speed) were collected from 2013 to 2015 in Ningbo. Monthly mean monthly precipitation, monthly sunshine) and air pollution factor PM2.5. The positive rate of MP in different year, season, sex and age group was compared by chi-square test. The correlation between MP infection rate and climate factor was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate stepwise regression analysis. Results: 1.A total of 28861 cases were detected from 2013 to 2015, among which 6618 cases were infected with MP. The total positive rate of MP infection rate was 22.93% in 2013. In 2014, the MP infection rate in 2015 was 20.9511 / 119861.1244 / 572525 / 25.68 / 2863 / 11150, respectively, and the detection rate was increasing year by year. Among all the tested cases, the detection rate of male was 20.51% 3534 / 17232G, and that of female was 26.52kW / 3084 / 116290.The detection rate of female MP was higher than that of male .2.MP in all age groups as follows: infant group 4.66, infant group 23.79, preschool group 33.11, school-age group 34.81.The detection rate increased with age. The school age group was the highest, and the infant group was the lowest. 3. The seasonal distribution of 28861 cases detected for 3 consecutive years was analyzed. The detection rate in spring was 20.1853 / 7201, in summer 26.94, 25.70 / 7170 in autumn, 18.81 / 13457151 in winter, the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. The correlation between MP infection rate and climatic factors was analyzed and regression analysis was made. The infection rate of MP was positively correlated with monthly mean air temperature, monthly average humidity, monthly total precipitation and monthly average wind speed. The regression equation between MP infection and monthly mean temperature is that the MP infection rate is 15.437 0.414 脳 month mean temperature (鈩，

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