婴儿期喂养行为与过敏性疾病之间的相关性分析

发布时间：2018-04-27 17:44

本文选题：婴儿期 + 喂养行为　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的过敏性疾病(又称变态反应性疾病),是指人体对某些物质(如细菌、花粉、食物或药物)、境遇(如精神、情绪激动或曝露阳光)或物理状况(如受冷)所产生的超常的或病理的反应。临床上常见的过敏性疾病包括过敏性湿疹、过敏性哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、过敏性结膜炎等。近几年过敏性疾病在儿童中的发病率已经达到20%以上,严重影响了儿童的生活质量。过敏性疾病的影响因素非常复杂,既有遗传因素,又有环境因素。本研究通过调查过敏体质儿童和非过敏体质儿童婴儿期的喂养行为,即母亲在喂养方面的知识-态度-行为,了解不同体质儿童在喂养行为上的差异,分析婴儿期喂养行为与过敏性疾病之间的相关性,发现过敏性疾病的危险因素和保护因素,以便在今后的工作中作出正确的指导。对象和方法样本选取从2011年1月份至2011年12月份来山东大学齐鲁医院小儿内科门诊就诊的6个月至3岁的过敏体质儿童375例,同时按匹配原则选取同年龄段非过敏体质儿童375例作为对照组,对其家长进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括儿童及其家庭的基本情况,母亲的基本情况,母亲的喂养知识掌握情况,婴儿期辅食添加情况等6个方面将所有资料输入计算机,采用Exce12007建立数据库,运用SPSS16.0软件包进行统计分析。采用统计描述(频数分布)不同家庭情况、母亲基本情况、婴儿情况及母乳喂养知识-态度-行为等各分组的人数及构成比；采用X2检验比较患儿过敏性疾病的发生在不同情况下的差异；采用Logistic回归分析,探讨影响儿童过敏性疾病发生的主要影响因素。结果 1.本次调查儿童共701例,其中男童430例,占61.3%,女童271例,占38.7%,男女比例为1.59：1。过敏体质儿童351例,占50.1%,男女比例2.48：1；非过敏体质儿童350例,占49.9%,男女比例1.06：1。 2.(1)有过敏家族史、有被动吸烟史及高收入家庭的儿童过敏性疾病的发病率高(P0.05)；(2)母亲生育年龄大、文化程度高及母亲是企事业人员或医务人员,儿童过敏性疾病发病率高(P0.05)；(3)过敏性疾病的发生状况因儿童性别、年龄、胎次及出生体重的不同发病率有差异(P0.05)；(4)母亲的喂养认知程度越高,过敏性疾病的发病率越高(P0.05)；(5)人工喂养的婴儿过敏性疾病的发病率明显高于母乳喂养的婴儿(P0.05)；(6)有初乳喂养经历的儿童过敏性疾病发病率低；(7)蛋类食物添加较早者(2个月以内)过敏性疾病发病率高(P0.05),谷类、肉类添加时间晚者(即6个月以上)过敏性疾病发病率高；(8)多因素Logistic回归分析表明影响儿童过敏性疾病的主要危险因素是：家族史、被动吸烟史、儿童性别、母亲文化程度高、母亲职业、胎次、蛋类添加时间为危险因素,家庭收入低、母亲生育年龄小、儿童出生体重正常、母乳喂养知识得分低、辅食添加知识得分低、母乳喂养方式、初乳喂养、谷类添加时间、豆制品添加时间为保护因素。结论遗传因素仍然是影响过敏性疾病的最重要因素；家庭收入高、母亲文化程度高的婴儿过敏性疾病发病率高；有被动吸烟史的儿童过敏性疾病发病率高；母亲喂养知识得分高的儿童过敏性疾病发病率高；过敏性疾病与儿童的性别、年龄、出生体重有相关性；母乳喂养儿过敏性疾病发病率低；初乳喂养可以减少过敏性疾病的发病率；禽蛋类食品添加过早可增加过敏性疾病发生的几率；适时添加谷类和豆类食物有利于预防过敏性疾病的发生。
[Abstract]:Purpose

Allergic disease ( also known as allergic disease ) refers to a reaction of a human body to certain substances ( such as bacteria , pollen , food or drugs ) , circumstances ( e.g . , mental , emotional or exposure to sunlight ) or physical conditions ( e.g . , cold ) .

Allergic diseases include allergic eczema , allergic asthma , allergic rhinitis , allergic conjunctivitis , etc . In recent years , the incidence of allergic diseases in children has reached more than 20 % , which seriously affects the quality of life of children .

Objects and Methods

In this paper , 375 children with allergic constitution from January 2011 to December of 2011 were selected as control group . 375 children with non - allergic constitution were selected as control group , and their parents were investigated . The data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 software package . The number and composition ratio of different families , mother ' s basic condition , infant condition and knowledge of breast feeding knowledge - attitude - behavior were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 software .
X2 test was used to compare the difference of allergic diseases in children .
Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the main factors affecting the occurrence of allergic diseases in children .

Results

1 . There were 701 children in this survey , including 430 boys , 61.3 % , and 271 children , accounting for 38.7 % . The ratio of male and female was 1.59 : 1 . 351 children with allergic constitution , 50.1 % and 2.48 : 1 male and female ;
There were 350 children with non - allergic constitution , 49.9 % and 1.06 : 1 .

2 . ( 1 ) There was a high incidence of allergic diseases among children with allergic family history , passive smoking history and high - income families ( P0.05 ) ;
( 2 ) The mother ' s reproductive age is large , the cultural degree is high and the mother is the enterprise or medical personnel , the incidence of allergic diseases of children is high ( P0.05 ) ;
( 3 ) The incidence of allergic diseases was different from that of children ' s sex , age , carcass and birth weight ( P0.05 ) .
( 4 ) The higher the feeding awareness of mother , the higher the incidence of allergic disease ( P0.05 ) ;
( 5 ) The incidence of allergic diseases in infants fed artificially was higher than that of breast - fed infants ( P0.05 ) .
( 6 ) The incidence of allergic diseases in children with colostrum feeding is low ;
( 7 ) The incidence of allergic diseases was high ( within 2 months ) , and the incidence of allergic diseases was high ( P0.05 ) .
( 8 ) Multi - factor logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factors influencing children ' s allergic diseases were family history , passive smoking history , child sex , mother ' s degree of culture , mother ' s occupation , fetal time , egg adding time as risk factors , low family income , low mother ' s reproductive age , normal child birth weight , low score of infant feeding knowledge , low score of supplementary feeding knowledge , feeding mode of breast feeding , feeding of colostrum , adding time of cereals , and time of adding bean products as protective factors .

Conclusion

Genetic factors remain the most important factor affecting allergic diseases .
High family income and high mother ' s high prevalence of allergic diseases in infants ;
Children with passive smoking history have high incidence of allergic diseases ;
High incidence of allergic diseases in children with high knowledge of feeding knowledge of mothers ;
Allergic diseases are related to the sex , age and birth weight of children ;
Low incidence of allergic diseases in breast - fed infants ;
Colostrum feeding can reduce the incidence of allergic diseases ;
the addition of poultry egg foods can increase the probability of occurrence of allergic diseases ;
Proper addition of cereals and beans helps prevent allergic diseases .

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R174

【引证文献】