城市儿童不良饮食行为现状及其干预研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 23:11

本文选题：城市儿童 + 学龄前　；参考：《华中科技大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：目的：调查城市儿童不良饮食行为现状，分析相关影响因素。方法：选定七所幼儿园共1138名儿童及其家长作为研究对象，采用问卷调查的方法调查儿童的五种不良饮食行为：进食过多（午餐进食能量超过每日进食能量推荐量的一半）、进食过快（午餐进食速度少于15分钟）、喝甜饮料（每周至少3次）、进食“洋快餐”（每月至少一次）、进食油炸食物（每周至少2次），分析与之相关的影响因素。结果：儿童中五种不良饮食行为（进食过多、进食过快、喝甜饮料、进食“洋快餐”、进食油炸食物）的发生率分别为62.7%、32.6%、29.2%、36.3%、5.4%。其中儿童不良饮食行为发生率与与家庭中使用不健康食物激励孩子的行为和家庭不健康的饮食环境呈正相关，与其BMI系数、年龄、性别、家庭类型、父母文化程度、经济状况无关。结论：城市儿童中不良饮食行为较为普遍，，这些行为与家庭中使用不健康食物激励孩子的行为和家庭中不健康的饮食环境有关。目的：对学龄前儿童进行饮食行为的干预性研究，评价干预的效果。方法：研究对象为来自7所幼儿园的学龄前儿童，按照幼儿园随机分为卡片干预园、一般干预园和对照园，对干预园进行以卡片为主的饮食行为干预，一般干预园采用张贴海报及召开家长会等常规方法进行干预、对照组不做任何干预（课题结束后给予干预资料及方法），干预时间为2010年3月-2010年6月。结果：①卡片干预园的儿童进食”洋快餐”、甜饮料和油炸食物的频率均下降(P0.001)，而一般干预园和对照园儿童仅有油炸食物进食频率下降(P值分别为0.010和0.027)。卡片干预园和一般干预园的父母中，使用三种不健康食物对儿童进行奖励的父母亲比例降低了(P0.05)，而对照园的比例并未改变(P0.05)。②卡片干预园的儿童进食三种不健康食物的频率随着时间推进而下降(P value for trend: P0.001)。③该方法对学龄前儿童的饮食行为纠正效果明显，家长接受度高，幼儿园普遍欢迎，适合在幼儿园推广。结论：使用饮食行为卡片对学龄前儿童的饮食行为纠正效果明显，家长接受度高，幼儿园普遍欢迎，适合在幼儿园推广。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the status of poor diet behavior in urban children and analyze the related factors. Methods: 1138 children and their parents in seven kindergartens were selected as subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate five unhealthy eating behaviors in children: overeating (eating energy more than half of the recommended daily energy for lunch, eating too fast) (eating less than 15 minutes at lunch, drinking sweet drinks) (at least 3 times a week, eat "foreign fast food" (at least once a month), eat fried food (at least 2 times a week), analyze the related factors. Results: the incidence of five unhealthy eating behaviors (eating too much, eating too fast, drinking sweet drinks, eating "foreign fast food" and eating fried food) were 62.7 and 32.62.29. 2 respectively. The incidence of unhealthy eating behavior in children was positively correlated with the behavior of children who used unhealthy food to motivate children and the unhealthy eating environment in the family. It was correlated with BMI coefficient, age, sex, family type, and parents' education level. The economy has nothing to do with it. Conclusion: unhealthy eating behaviors are more common in urban children. These behaviors are related to the behavior of using unhealthy food to stimulate children and the unhealthy eating environment in the family. Objective: to study the dietary behavior of preschool children and evaluate the effect of intervention. Methods: preschool children from 7 kindergartens were randomly divided into card intervention garden, general intervention garden and control garden. The general intervention garden used posters and parent-teacher meetings to intervene, while the control group did not do any intervention. (after the project was finished, the intervention materials and methods were given, the intervention time was from March 2010 to June 2010. Results the frequency of sweet drink and fried food decreased in the children who ate "foreign fast food" in the intervention garden of 1: 1 card, while the frequency of fried food in the general intervention garden and the control garden were only decreased by 0.010 and 0.027, respectively. Among the parents of the card intervention garden and the general intervention garden, The proportion of parents who reward their children with three unhealthy foods decreased, while the proportion of control gardens did not change the frequency of eating three unhealthy foods over time in the card intervention garden For trend: P0.001. 3 the effect of this method on the dietary behavior of preschool children is significant. High acceptance of parents, popular in kindergartens, suitable for promotion in kindergartens. Conclusion: the effect of dietary behavior card on preschool children's dietary behavior correction is obvious, the parents' acceptance is high, the kindergarten is generally welcome, and it is suitable to be popularized in kindergarten.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R153.2

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