哈尔滨城区儿童哮喘相关危险因素分析

发布时间：2018-05-13 01:07

本文选题：支气管哮喘 + 中西医危险因素　；参考：《黑龙江中医药大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：了解分析哈尔滨市城区0-14岁儿童哮喘相关危险因素,为小儿哮喘在中医药领域的防治提供相关数据。方法：本次研究依附于“第三次全国儿童哮喘流行病学调查”。采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取哈尔滨市城区0-14岁儿童10552名进行本次调查,首先为初步筛查阶段,找出可疑哮喘儿童,其次通过医学标准确诊哮喘儿童,填写哮喘／非哮喘儿童调查表和哮喘／非哮喘儿童中医相关因素调查表,通过epic—info数据库和SPSS19.0统计软件,将全部问卷调查表的资料及数据一同输入软件进行统计学分析。了解哈尔滨市城区近10年儿童哮喘的发病率和治疗现状,并通过病例对照相结合的方法找出诱发儿童哮喘的危险因素。结果：(1)本项研究共调查0-14岁哈尔滨市城区儿童10552人,确诊为哮喘者173例,患病率为1.64%。(2)哮喘的发作诱因中呼吸道感染排在首位,占79.19%,其次为天气变化49.71%、运动31.79%、接触屋尘15.60%等。(3)哮喘急性发作首选治疗药物中茶碱类药物占71.68%,其次为支气管舒张剂69.36%,抗过敏药64.16%,中药的使用率为49.13%。(4)哮喘的危险因素调查中发现个人过敏史及家族过敏史特别是一级亲属哮喘病史、早产、不良环境影响及饮食偏嗜酸甜咸、喜食肉类、海鲜,情绪不稳定及平素常有气短懒言、反复感冒、遗尿、舌苔花剥等与非哮喘儿童具有显著特异性(p0.05)。而家中养花草、有人吸烟及母乳喂养无统计学意义(p0.05) 结论：2013年哈尔滨市城区儿童哮喘患病率较2000年显著升高。哮喘诱发因素中以呼吸道感染最为显著。哮喘治疗药物首选茶碱类药物,中药的使用率位居第四位。经x2检验和logistic回归分析哮喘的危险因素包括个人及家族过敏史、不良环境影响、饮食偏嗜及喜食肥甘、平素气短懒言、易于感冒、形寒肢冷、遗尿、腹胀便溏、舌苔花剥等。中医相关危险因素的调查分析为小儿哮喘在中医药领域的防治提供相关数据。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the risk factors of asthma in children aged 0-14 years in Harbin and to provide relevant data for the prevention and treatment of asthma in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. Methods: this study was attached to the third National Epidemiological Survey of Childhood Asthma. A total of 10552 children aged 0-14 years old in Harbin City were selected by random cluster sampling. The first stage of screening was to identify suspected asthmatic children, and the second was to confirm asthma children by medical standard. The questionnaire of asthmatic / non-asthmatic children and the questionnaire of TCM related factors of asthmatic / non-asthmatic children were completed. The data and data of all questionnaires were input into the software for statistical analysis by epic-info database and SPSS19.0 software. To understand the incidence and treatment status of childhood asthma in Harbin city in recent 10 years, and to find out the risk factors of children asthma by the method of case control. Results (1) A total of 10552 children aged 0-14 years old in Harbin City were investigated in this study. 173 cases were diagnosed with asthma, the prevalence rate was 1.64%) Respiratory tract infection was the first cause of asthma attack. Accounting for 79.19, followed by weather change 49.71, exercise 31.79, exposure to house dust 15.60%, etc.) Theophylline drugs accounted for 71.68% of the first choice for acute asthma attack, followed by bronchodiastolic drug 69.3636, antiallergic drug 64.16 and the utilization rate of traditional Chinese medicine 49.13.4) risk factors of asthma The investigation found that the history of personal allergies and family allergies, especially the history of asthma in first-degree relatives, Premature labor, adverse environmental effects and eating preference to sour, sweet and salty diet, predilection for meat, seafood, emotional instability and common element are often characterized by shortness of breath, repeated colds, enuresis, tongue coating exfoliation, and so on, which have a significant specificity with non-asthmatic children (p 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between smoking and breast-feeding in raising flowers and plants at home (p 0.05). Conclusion: the prevalence of asthma in children in Harbin City in 2013 was significantly higher than that in 2000. Respiratory tract infection was the most significant factor of asthma. Theophylline drugs are the first choice for asthma treatment, and the utilization rate of traditional Chinese medicine is the fourth. The risk factors of asthma by x2 test and logistic regression analysis included personal and family allergic history, adverse environmental effects, preference to diet and fattening, short and lazy breath, easy to catch cold, cold limbs, enuresis, loose stools, tongue peeling and so on. The investigation and analysis of TCM related risk factors provide relevant data for the prevention and treatment of pediatric asthma in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江中医药大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R272

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