孤独症儿童气质特征及颜色偏好实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 08:22

本文选题：孤独症 + 气质特征　；参考：《宁夏医科大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：（1）探讨孤独症儿童气质特征，分析不同气质维度与孤独症行为表现的关系。（2）研究孤独症儿童颜色偏好顺序，及不同年龄、不同性别孤独症儿童与正常儿童颜色偏好差异。方法：（1）采用“3-7岁儿童气质问卷（NYLS）”对30名孤独症儿童和60名正常儿童进行问卷调查。（2）采用“儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)”评定孤独症儿童的行为表现。（3）采用对偶比较法对45名孤独症儿童和124名正常儿童进行颜色偏好实验研究。结果：（1）孤独症儿童和正常儿童在“趋避性”、“适应度”、“情绪本质”、“坚持度”、“注意分散度”5个气质维度上存在明显差异（P0.01）。（2）孤独症儿童气质维度中“活动量”与CARS“总体印象”呈正相关(r=0.416)；“规律性”与“听觉反应”、“味、嗅和触觉反应”和“焦虑反应”均呈负相关(r=-0.389, r=-0.384, r=-0.396)；“适应度”与“躯体运用能力”和“对环境变化的适应”均呈负相关(r=-0.370, r=-0.495)；“反应强度”与“语言交流”呈正相关(r=0.371)；“情绪本质”与“视觉反应”、“味、嗅和触觉反应”和“焦虑反应”均呈负相关(r=-0.411, r=-0.399, r=-0.467)；“注意分散度”与“视觉反应”呈负相关(r=-0.376)；“反应阈”与“焦虑反应”呈负相关(r=-0.574)。（3）孤独症儿童颜色偏好顺序依次为：黄、黑、蓝、绿、红、紫、橙、白。（4）孤独症儿童和正常儿童在对“红”、“黄”和“紫”的偏好上存在明显差异（P0.05）。（5）孤独症儿童男生和正常儿童男生在对“黄”、“紫”的偏好上存在明显差异（P0.05），孤独症儿童女生和正常儿童女生在对“红”、“黄”和“黑”的偏好上存在明显差异（P0.05）。（6）4岁组、5岁组的孤独症儿童和正常儿童在对“黄”的偏好上均存在明显差异（P0.05），，6岁组的孤独症儿童和正常儿童在对“红”、“黑”的偏好上存在明显差异（P0.05）。（7）孤独症儿童男生和女生的颜色偏好无明显差异（P0.05）。（8）孤独症儿童4岁组、5岁组和6岁组的颜色偏好无明显差异（P0.05）。结论（1）孤独症儿童在“趋避性”、“适应度”、“情绪本质”，“坚持度”和“注意分散度”5个气质维度的得分均低于正常儿童。（2）孤独症儿童气质的“活动量”、“规律性”、“适应度”、“反应强度”、“情绪本质”，“注意分散度”和“反应阈”7个维度与其行为表现之间存在相关。（3）孤独症儿童的颜色偏好与正常儿童不同。孤独症儿童对“黄”的偏好高于正常儿童，对“红”和“紫”的偏好低于正常儿童。与正常儿童男生对照，孤独症儿童男生更偏爱“黄”，较不喜爱“紫”；与正常儿童女生对照，孤独症儿童女生更偏爱“黄”和“黑”，较不喜爱“红”。与4岁组和5岁组的正常儿童对照，同年龄组孤独症儿童更偏爱“黄”；与6岁组正常儿童对照，同年龄组孤独症儿童更偏爱“黑”，较不喜爱“红”。（4）孤独症儿童男、女生颜色偏好相似。（5）不同年龄孤独症儿童颜色偏好相似。
[Abstract]:Objective: (1) to investigate the temperament characteristics of autistic children and to analyze the relationship between different temperament dimensions and autism behavior. (2) the color preference sequence of autism children, and the difference of color preference between autistic children and normal children at different ages.
Methods: (1) a questionnaire survey was conducted on 30 autistic children and 60 normal children using the "3-7 year old children Temperament Questionnaire (NYLS)". (2) the behavior performance of autistic children was assessed by "Children Autism Rating Scale (CARS)". (3) the color preference experiment was conducted on 45 autistic and 124 normal children by dual comparison method.
Results: (1) there were obvious differences between autistic children and normal children in the 5 dimensions of "avoidance", "fitness", "emotional nature", "persistence" and "attention dispersion" (P0.01). (2) there was a positive correlation between "activity" and "general impression" in the temperament dimension of autism children (r=0.416); "regularity" and "listening". "Sense reaction", "taste, smell and tactile response" and "anxiety response" were negatively correlated (r=-0.389, r=-0.384, r=-0.396); "adaptation" was negatively correlated with "physical use" and "adaptation to environmental changes" (r=-0.370, r=-0.495); "response intensity" was positively correlated with "language communication" (r=0.371); "emotional book". "Quality" and "visual reaction", "taste, smell and tactile response" and "anxiety response" were negatively correlated (r=-0.411, r=-0.399, r=-0.467); "attention dispersion" was negatively correlated with "visual reaction" (r=-0.376); "reaction threshold" and "anxiety response" were negatively correlated (r=-0.574). (3) the order of color preference sequence of autism children was in turn: Yellow, black, blue, green, green, red, purple, orange, and white. (4) there is a significant difference in the preference of autistic and normal children on "red", "yellow" and "purple" (P0.05). (5) the preference of autistic boys and normal boys in the preference for "yellow" and "purple" is significantly different (P0.05), autistic and normal children girls are in the same way. There were significant differences in the preference of "red", "yellow" and "black" (P0.05). (6) the 4 year old group, 5 year old autistic and normal children had obvious differences in the preference for "yellow" (P0.05). There were significant differences in the preference for "red" and "black" in the 6 year old group of autistic and normal children (P0.05). (7) autistic boys There was no significant difference in color preference between girls and children (P0.05). (8) color preference of autistic children in 4 year old group, 5 year old group and 6 year old group was not significantly different (P0.05).
Conclusion (1) the scores of 5 autistic children in "avoidance", "fitness", "emotional essence", "persistence" and "attention dispersion" are all lower than those of normal children. (2) the "activity", "regularity" "," response intensity "," emotional essence "," attention dispersion "and" attention dispersion "of autistic children's temperament. There is a correlation between the 7 dimensions of the response threshold and the behavior performance. (3) the color preference of autistic children is different from that of normal children. The preference of autistic children to "yellow" is higher than that of normal children, and the preference for "red" and "purple" is lower than that of normal children. In contrast to normal children, children with autism prefer "yellow" and "black" more than "red". Compared with normal children in 4 and 5 years old, autistic children in the same age group prefer "yellow"; compared with normal children of 6 years old, autistic children in the same age group prefer "black", and they are less happy than the age group. Love (red). (4) autistic boys and girls have similar color preferences. (5) children with autism have similar color preferences at different ages.

【学位授予单位】：宁夏医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R749.94

【参考文献】