南宁市城市地区0～14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查

发布时间：2018-06-23 11:54

本文选题：儿童哮喘 + 患病率　；参考：《广西医科大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：调查南宁市城市地区儿童哮喘患病情况及发病的危险因素。方法：以幼儿园、学校、社区为单位，采取整群抽样调查方法，于2010年10月～2011年7月调查所抽取区域0～14岁儿童哮喘患病情况；以哮喘患儿为病例组，非哮喘儿童为对照组，行病例对照研究，筛查儿童哮喘发病的危险因素。结果：调查出儿童哮喘370例，患病率2.70%，其中男227例，女143例，男、女患病率分别为3.18%、2.18%（P＜0.01），，汉族248例，壮族100例，汉、壮族患病率分别为2.72%、2.66%（P＞0.05）；患病率以5岁组最高；75.14%的患儿于＜4岁首次喘息；93.51%的患儿以呼吸道感染为发作诱因，发作时辰以无明显规律、午夜为主，好发时节以无明显规律、季节更换多见，发作先兆以打喷嚏、流涕、鼻塞为主，发作表现主要为咳嗽、喘息，发作类型多为缓慢或不定形式起病；98.38%的患儿经常发作强度为轻、中度；74.32%的患儿应用过吸入糖皮质激素，10.27%的患儿仅单独应用全身用糖皮质激素；56.22%的儿童哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎；经logistic回归分析显示孩子出生前后父亲吸烟、剖宫产、1岁内使用抗菌药物对儿童哮喘患病有影响。结论：南宁市城市地区0～14岁儿童哮喘患病率为2.70%；患病率以5岁组最高；男孩患病率高于女孩；汉、壮族患病率无差异；孩子出生前后父亲吸烟、剖宫产、1岁内使用抗菌药物为儿童哮喘发病的危险因素。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of childhood asthma in urban areas of Nanning. Methods: a cluster sampling survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of asthma among children aged 14 years from October 2010 to July 2011 in kindergartens, schools and communities. Non-asthmatic children as control group, case-control study, screening children asthma risk factors. Results: the prevalence rate of children asthma was 2.70% (227 male, 143 female, 3.18% vs 2.18%, P < 0.01), 248 cases of Han nationality, 100 cases of Zhuang nationality, 2.66% of Han nationality and 2.66% of Zhuang nationality (P > 0.05). 75.14% of the children under 4 years old had first wheezing and 93.51% of them had respiratory tract infection as the inducement, the attack time was irregular, midnight was the main time, the season was irregular, seasonal change was more frequent, and the symptoms of attack were sneezing and runny. The main symptoms of nasal congestion were cough and wheezing. 98.38% of the children with slow or irregular onset had mild or moderate attack intensity. 74.32% of the children used inhaled glucocorticoid alone and 56.22% of the children had asthma complicated with allergic rhinitis. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the father smoked before and after birth. The use of antimicrobial agents during 1-year-old caesarean section has an effect on asthma in children. Conclusion: the prevalence rate of asthma was 2.70 in 14 year old children in Nanning city area, the prevalence rate was the highest in the 5-year-old group, the prevalence rate of boys was higher than that of girls, there was no difference between Han and Zhuang nationality, and the father smoked before and after the birth of the children. The use of antibiotics during cesarean section was a risk factor for asthma in children.
【学位授予单位】：广西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R725.6

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