初中生父母教养方式、应对方式和焦虑的关系

发布时间：2018-06-25 18:19

本文选题：初中生 + 父母教养方式　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的通过对宁波市鄞州区初中生的调查,研究父母教养方式、应对方式和初中生焦虑的现况以及他们之间的相互关系,从而为教育部门开展初中生心理健康教育提供支持。研究方法采用分层随机抽样,在鄞州区城区、城乡结合区、郊区分别抽取2所,共计6所。在每所学校的初一、初二、初三每个年级段各随机抽取2个班级作为调查班级。共计调查36个班级,1022名学生。采用父母教养方式量表、中学生应对方式量表、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表进行调查,使用SPSS19.0进行统计学检验和中介分析。研究结果1、初中生家庭教养方式中,父亲和母亲的情感温暖理解因子分(46.58±11.31,52.56±11.16)均低于常模。父亲和母亲,对女儿的情感温暖理解因子分(47.94±11.27,54.12±11.03)明显高于对儿子(45.04±11.17,50.80±11.05)(p0.01)。父亲对儿子的惩罚/严厉因子分(19.71±6.73)明显高于女儿(17.17±5.08)(p0.01)。父亲对儿子的过分干涉因子分(10.72±4.64)和母亲对儿子的过分干涉过分保护因子分(24.61±6.88)明显高于女儿(9.18±4.41,24.61±6.88)(p0.05)。母亲对儿子的惩罚/严厉因子分(13.62±4.60)高于对女儿的(12.12士3.74)(p0.05)。(?)2、中学生倾向于使用的应对方式依次为:问题解决或发泄情绪(70.45%)、寻求支持(72.8%)、忍耐(69.67%)、逃避(63.21%)、幻想/否认(44.62%)、合理解释(22.50%)。男生问题解决因子分、寻求支持因子分(19.64±3.51、17.84±3.46),低于女生(20.78±2.89,19.08±3.20)(p0.01)。男生逃避因子分(7.89±2.03),高于女生(7.27±1.78)(p0.01)。3、男生焦虑总分(20.45±13.43)、女生的焦虑总分(22.40±11.86),均高于常模。躯体化/惊恐总分(4.39±4.13)、广泛性焦虑总分(6.02±3.60)、分离性焦虑总分(4.51±2.95)、社交恐怖总分(3.33±1.93)、学校恐怖总分(1..24±1.56)均高于常模。女生在分离性焦虑(4.76±2.93)、社交恐怖(3.45±1.94)2个因子上得分高于男生(3.95±2.95,3.06±1.89)。焦虑障碍检出率20.8%,其中女生焦虑障碍检出率(22.9%)和男性(18.5%)无差异(χ2=2.90,p0.05)。4、忍耐、逃避、发泄情绪、幻想/否认因子在焦虑组得分较高(p0.001)。5、与应对方式中问题解决正相关的为父亲、母亲情感温暖/理解,负相关的为父亲、母亲惩罚/严厉。与寻求社会支持正相关的为焦虑总分,父亲、母亲情感温暖/理解。与合理解释正相关的为父亲、母亲情感温暖/理解,负相关的为母亲惩罚/严厉。与忍耐正相关的为焦虑总分,父亲、母亲惩罚/严厉,拒绝/否认,父亲过度保护,母亲过分干涉保护。与逃避正相关的为焦虑总分,父亲、母亲惩罚/严厉、拒绝/否认,父亲过分干涉,母亲过分干涉保护,负相关的是父亲情感温暖/理解。与发泄情绪正相关的为焦虑总分,父亲、母亲惩罚/严厉、拒绝/否认,父亲过度保护。与幻想/否认正相关的为焦虑总分,父亲、母亲惩罚/严厉、拒绝/否认,父亲过度保护、过度干涉,母亲过分干涉保护,负相关的是母亲情感温暖/理解。6、父亲、母亲情感温暖/理解,对子女应对方式中问题解决、寻求支持、合理解释维度有预测作用。父亲、母亲拒绝/否认,对子女应对方式中忍耐、逃避、发泄、幻想/否认有预测作用。7、逃避是父、母温暖/理解和焦虑之间的中介因素;幻想/否认是父亲温暖/理解和焦虑之间的中介因素。忍耐,逃避,发泄情绪,幻想/否认是父、母惩罚/严厉,拒绝/否认和焦虑之间的中介因素。逃避,幻想/否认是父、母过分干涉和焦虑之间的中介因素。忍耐,发泄情绪是母亲和焦虑之间的中介因素。发泄情绪,幻想/否认是父亲过度保护和焦虑之间的中介因素。研究结论1、初中生家庭教养方式中,家庭对子女不够温暖、理解。而家庭里无论父亲还是母亲,对女孩更温暖,而对男孩更加严厉。父亲更容易对男孩拒绝否认,父亲对男孩的过度保护高于女孩。父母应该对子女采取情感温暖、理解度高的教养方式。2、初中生最常采用的是问题解决的应对方式。初中生在面对压力的时候倾向于使用:问题解决、发泄情绪、寻求支持、忍耐、逃避。不同性别的初中生在问题解决、寻求支持、忍耐、逃避这几个方面存在显著差异。在面对压力的时候,中学男生更倾向于采用"情绪应对",而女生更倾向于采用"问题应对"。3、男、女生的焦虑障碍检出率较高,五个分量表均高于常模,调查对象的焦虑障碍应该引起重视。4、通过家庭教养方式,应对方式,焦虑三者之间的分析发现。首先,父母教养方式不同会影响应对方式的选择。其次,父母教养方式不同会影响子女的焦虑状态,子女的应对方式不同也会影响其焦虑。最后,在父母教养方式和焦虑中起中介作用的,主要是指向情绪的应对方式。5、初中生家庭中可能存在FEAR效应(家庭增强的回避反应效应)。
[Abstract]:The purpose of the study is to study the mode of parenting, the coping style and the anxiety of the junior high school students and the relationship between them, and the relationship between them, and the relationship between them, and to provide support for the education department to carry out the middle school students' psychological health education. The research methods are stratified random sampling, in the urban area of Yinzhou District, the urban and rural area, the suburb. In each school, 2 classes were randomly selected as investigation classes at the first, second and third grade of each school. A total of 36 classes and 1022 students were surveyed in each school. A total of 36 classes and 1022 students were investigated. The questionnaire of parents' parenting style, the questionnaire of coping style of middle school students, the screening table for anxiety disorder of children and the use of SPSS19.0 were used. Study results and mediator analysis. Results 1, the emotional warmth comprehension factor (46.58 + 11.31,52.56 + 11.16) of the father and mother was lower than that of the norm. Father and mother, the emotional warmth understanding factor (47.94 + 11.27,54.12 + 11.03) to the daughter (45.04 + 11.17,50.80 + 11.03) was significantly higher than that of the son (45.04 + 11.17,50.80 + 11.05) (P0.01). The father's punishment / severe factor (19.71 + 6.73) was significantly higher than that of the daughter (17.17 + 5.08) (P0.01). The excessive interference factor (10.72 + 4.64) of the father to his son (10.72 + 4.64) and the excessive protection factor (24.61 + 6.88) of the mother to his son (24.61 + 6.88) were significantly higher than that of the daughter (9.18 + 4.41,24.61 + 6.88) (P0.05). The punishment / severity factor of the mother to the son The score (13.62 + 4.60) was higher than that of (12.12. 3.74) (P0.05). (?) 2. The coping styles of middle school students were: problem solving or venting emotion (70.45%), seeking support (72.8%), patience (69.67%), escape (63.21%), fantasy / denial (44.62%), rational explanation (22.50%). Boys' problem solving factor score and seeking support factor score (19.64 + 3.5). 1,17.84 + 3.46) was lower than that of girls (20.78 + 2.89,19.08 + 3.20) (P0.01). The boys' escape factor scores (7.89 + 2.03), higher than girls (7.27 + 1.78) (P0.01).3, boys' total anxiety score (20.45 + 13.43), and girls' total anxiety score (22.40 + 11.86) were higher than normal models. The total score of somatization / panic (4.39 + 4.13), general anxiety total score (6.02 + 2.03), separation anxiety Total score (4.51 + 2.95), total score of social terror (3.33 + 1.93), the total score of school terror (1..24 + 1.56) were higher than that of normal model. The scores of female students were higher than that of boys (4.76 + 2.93), and 2 factors of social terror (3.45 + 1.94) were higher than that of boys (3.95 + 2.95,3.06 + 1.89). Difference (chi 2=2.90, P0.05).4, patience, escape, vent mood, fantasy / denial factor in the anxiety group score higher (p0.001).5, and the coping style of the problem is positively related to the father, the mother's emotional warmth / understanding, negative related to the father, the mother is punished / severe. Warm / understanding. It is the father, mother's emotional warmth / understanding, the mother's emotional warmth / understanding, the negative correlation for mother's punishment / severity. The positive correlation with patience is a total of anxiety. Father, mother punishment / severity, refusal / denial, father overprotective, mother excessively interfering protection. Absolute / denial, father excessively interfered, mother excessively interfered with protection, negatively related to father's emotional warmth / understanding. The general score of anxiety was associated with venting emotions, father, mother punishment / severity, refusal / denial, father overprotection. The total score of anxiety related to fantasy / denial, father, mother punishment / severity, refusal / denial, father overinsured. The mother's emotional warmth / understanding of.6, father, mother's emotional warmth / understanding, the mother's emotional warmth / understanding, the prediction of the problem solving, the support and the rational explanation of the child's coping style. Father, mother refuses / deny, and the mother's coping style is patient, escaping, venting, fantasy / denial. Using.7, escaping is the intermediary between father, mother's warmth / understanding and anxiety; Fantasy / denial is the intermediary between father's warmth / understanding and anxiety. Patience, evasion, venting emotion, fantasy / denial are the mediators between father, mother's punishment / severity, refusal / denial and anxiety. Escape, fantasy / denial are between father, mother excessively interference and anxiety. Mediating factors. Patience and vent emotion are intermediary factors between mother and anxiety. Venting emotion, fantasy / denial are intermediary factors between father's excessive protection and anxiety. Research conclusions 1, middle school students are not warm enough to their children in the way of family upbringing. Children are more severe. Fathers are more likely to refuse to deny boys, father's over protection of boys is higher than girls. Parents should take emotional warmth and understanding to their children,.2, junior middle school students most often use problem solving methods. Junior high school students tend to use problems when facing pressure: problem solving, vent emotion, search. In the face of pressure, middle school boys are more inclined to adopt "emotional coping", while girls tend to adopt "problem coping".3, male and female students have higher detection rate of anxiety disorder, and five subscales are all Higher than the norm, the anxiety disorder of the respondents should pay attention to.4, through the analysis of the three aspects of family upbringing, coping style and anxiety. First, the difference of parental rearing patterns will affect the choice of coping styles. Secondly, the difference of parental rearing patterns will affect the anxiety state of the children, and the different coping styles of the children will also affect them. Finally, the mediating role of the parental rearing patterns and anxiety is mainly directed towards the coping style of the mood.5, and the FEAR effect may exist in the families of junior high school students (family enhanced avoidance response effect).
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G78;R749.72

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