社会资本对某地因艾滋病致孤儿童应对方式及生活质量影响的研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 21:38

本文选题：社会资本 + 因艾滋病致孤儿童　；参考：《安徽医科大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：研究背景自1985年我国发现首例艾滋病患者以来,我国艾滋病患者的数量逐年增加,目前我国已经处于艾滋病流行的第三阶段(第一阶段是病毒感染,第二阶段是发病与死亡,第三阶段是对家庭的打击,第四阶段是社区和国家危机),其作为一个重大公共卫生与社会问题,被认为是影响中国发展的三大问题之首,伴随艾滋病产生的“双重弱势”群体—因艾滋病致孤儿童(COBA),已引起国家和学界的高度重视以及社会的广泛关注；与此同时,当下物力资本、人力资本这类有形资源应用于艾滋病防治已进入“瓶颈”阶段,将社会资本这种无形资源运用于艾滋病防治逐渐成为研究热点。研究目的了解COBA的一般社会人口学特征,调查该人群微观层面上社会资本现况、生活质量状况以及应对问题的方式,并以普通家庭儿童作为对照,综合评价其身心健康及生活质量水平,分析其社会资本的影响因素及其对生活质量和应对问题方式的影响,从而明确其面临的主要问题,探索在社会资本理论框架下应对孤儿危机的策略,并倡导社会对该群体的关注和支持。研究方法选择某地登记在册的因艾滋病致孤儿童(包括失父和(或)母的儿童(COBA-O)及父和(或)母感染或患病的儿童(COBA-N))作为目标人群,并按照年龄、性别1：1配对设计,进行方便抽样,选择与受访对象位于同一地区中普通家庭的儿童作为对照(Control),采用修订的社会资本问卷、简易应对方式问卷和儿童生活质量测定量表体系4.0中文版对受试人群进行现场问卷调查,通过比较COBA与Control社会资本存量、应对方式和生活质量等方面的差异,探讨差异产生的原因并提出应对措施和策略。研究结果1.本次调查共获得307份问卷,其中有效问卷282份(COBA-O为88人,COBA-N为53人,Control为141人),有效应答率91.86%。2.生长发育状况：身高方面,男性COBA低于Control,差异有统计学意义,女性COBA与Control差异无统计学意义；体重方面,各组别COBA与Control之间差异均无统计学意义。3.社会资本状况：(1)社会资本问卷信效度：社会资本问卷由社会网络、社会参与、社会支持和社会信任4部分组成,共17个条目,其整体信度为0.773；结构效度上,提取4个主成分,可解释72.97%的总变异；(2)社会网络：包括3个条目,COBA与Control在交往密切的亲属、朋友数量上无差别,在交往密切人群的职业类别数量上有差异(后者多于前者),社会网络维度得分两者无差异；(3)社会参与：包括4个条目,COBA与Control在参与组织的数量上、所参与的组织开展活动的频率、近半年参加活动的次数以及主动参与活动的频率上均无差别,社会参与维度得分两者无差异；(4)社会支持：包括5个条目,COBA与Control主观感受到支持情况无差别,COBA认为自身实际得到的支持和支持来源的数量低于Control, COBA在寻求支持的频率和寻求支持来源的数量上低于Control, COBA的社会支持维度得分低于Control,且差异均有统计学意义；(5)社会信任：包括5个条目,COBA对抚养人、亲戚、邻居／同学／朋友的信任程度上均低于Control,两者对教师和医务工作者的信任程度相同,COBA的社会信任维度得分低于Control,且差异均有统计学意义；(6)社会资本存量：COBA的社会资本存量低于Control,且差异均有统计学意义;(7)多因素方差分析结果表明：受访对象组别(COBA Control)、年龄、在学与否、抚养类型及抚养人职业对社会资本存量产生影响。4.简易应对方式：在积极应对维度得分上,COBA与Control相同;在消极应对维度得分上,COBA高于Control;两者应对倾向分布不同。5.生活质量：COBA的主观生活质量评分低于Control,生理领域方面,两者得分相同；心理领域方面,COBA得分低于Control,其中,COBA在情感功能和社会功能得分上低于Control,而在角色功能上两者得分无差异。6.社会资本存量和受访对象组别(COBA Control)为应对方式的影响因素。7.受访对象组别(COBA Control)、应对方式和社会资本存量为主观生活质量评价的影响因素。研究结论1.COBA的身心健康状况(1)样本地区COBA的生长发育状况正常,日常生活活动能力与正常儿童无异,可以参与常规性的体育活动；(2)尽管该地区COBA能够在其学习、生活中正常履行相应的行为规范,但其受悲伤、沮丧、恐惧等负面情绪的影响较为严重,在与他人交往等方面存在劣势,且在遭遇生活负性事件时较易选择消极应对方式。2. COBA的社会资本、应对方式和生活质量(1)本研究中所使用的针对儿童的社会资本问卷具有良好的信度和效度,并具有普适性；(2)该地区COBA的社会关系网络正常,但网络的异质性较低；社会参与水平正常,主要为少先队和各类兴趣协会等正式组织和非正式组织;社会支持水平较低,客观支持来源少且对其利用度低：社会信任程度较低,对于(拟)血缘关系成员的信任度低于正常儿童；(3)影响其社会资本的因素主要包括：受访对象组别(COBA Control)、年龄、在学与否、抚养类型及抚养人职业；(4) COBA在情感功能和社交功能上的劣势导致其生活质量低于正常儿童：(5)社会资本存量影响受试人群面对环境变化时所采取的应对方式,COBA在应激状态时更习惯采用消极应对方式；(6) COBA主观生活质量评价低于正常儿童,采用积极应对方式者生活质量评价较高,社会资木存量与生活质量评价呈显著正相关。建议1.加强认识,完善现有的COBA社会支持体系；2.勇于创新,发挥信任理论在关爱COBA工作的作用；3.健全网络,提高COBA社会网络的异质性；4.动员参与,积极探索COBA的可持续发展机制。
[Abstract]:Since the first AIDS patient was found in our country in 1985 , the number of AIDS patients in our country has increased year by year . At present , our country has been in the third stage of AIDS epidemic ( the first stage is virus infection , the second stage is the morbidity and death , the third stage is the fight against the family , the fourth stage is the community and the national crisis ) , it is regarded as the first of the three major problems that affect China ' s development .
The study aims to study the social capital status , the quality of life and the ways of coping with the problem , and to analyze the factors of social capital and the ways of coping with the problem .
3 . Social Capital Status : ( 1 ) Social Capital Questionnaire Credit Validity : Social Capital Questionnaire composed of 4 parts of social network , social participation , social support and social trust , with 17 entries , its overall reliability is 0.773 ;
The total variation of 72.97 % can be explained by extracting 4 principal components on the structure validity .
( 2 ) Social network : including 3 entries , COBA and Control have no difference in the number of close relatives and friends , there is a difference in the number of occupational groups in the close group of people ( the latter is more than the former ) , and there is no difference between the social network dimension scores ;
( 3 ) Social participation : Including 4 entries , COBA and Control have no difference in the number of participating organizations , the frequency of participating organizations , the number of participating organizations in the last six months , and the frequency of active participation ;
( 4 ) Social support : including five entries , COBA and Control subjective feeling to support situation is not different , COBA considers that the number of support and support sources actually obtained by COBA is lower than Control , COBA is lower than Control in the frequency of seeking support and the number of seeking support sources , COBA has a lower score of social support dimension than Control , and the difference is statistically significant ;
( 5 ) Social trust : The trust degree of COBA to the dependent , relative , neighbors / classmates / friends is lower than that of Control , both of which have the same degree of trust between teachers and medical workers , and the scores of the social trust dimension of COBA are lower than Control , and the difference is statistically significant ;
( 6 ) Social capital stock : COBA ' s social capital stock is lower than Control , and the difference is statistically significant ; ( 7 ) Multi - factor variance analysis results show that COBA is the same as Control .
In the psychological field , COBA scores were lower than Control . Among them , COBA was lower than Control in terms of emotional function and social function , but there was no difference between the two scores . 6 . COBA Control , coping style and social capital stock were the influencing factors of subjective life quality evaluation .
( 2 ) In spite of the fact that COBA is able to carry out the corresponding code of conduct in his study and life , it has a serious influence on negative emotions such as sadness , depression , fear and so on , and has a disadvantage in dealing with others , and it is easy to choose negative coping style in the event of negative life events . COBA ' s social capital , coping style and quality of life ( 1 ) The social capital questionnaire for children used in this study has good reliability and validity , and has universality ;
( 2 ) The social relation network of COBA in the area is normal , but the heterogeneity of the network is low ;
The level of social participation is normal , mainly for formal and informal organizations , such as youth teams and various types of interest associations ; low levels of social support , low objective support sources and low utilization : low levels of social trust and lower confidence in the ( quasi ) blood - related members than normal children ;
( 3 ) The factors that affect the social capital include : the COBA Control , the age , the school or not , the type of maintenance and the occupation ;
( 4 ) The disadvantages of COBA in emotional function and social function lead to lower quality of life than normal children : ( 5 ) The social capital stock affects the coping style adopted by the test population in the face of environment change , and COBA is more used to adopt negative coping style when the stress state is stress ;
( 6 ) The quality of subjective life of COBA is lower than that of normal children , and the quality of life quality of people with positive coping style is higher , and the stock of social capital is positively correlated with the evaluation of quality of life . Recommendation 1 . Strengthen understanding and perfect the existing COBA social support system ;
2 . The role of the theory of trust in the work of COBA ;
3 . Improve the network and improve the heterogeneity of COBA social network ;
4 . Mobilization of participation to actively explore the sustainable development mechanism of COBA .
【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R725.1

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