严寒地区住宅室内环境与儿童呼吸过敏疾病的关联研究

发布时间：2018-07-24 20:14

【摘要】：哮喘、肺炎、过敏性鼻炎等呼吸道疾病严重影响着儿童身心健康，室内环境作为一种环境因素对其的影响不应忽略。本文采用横断面问卷调查的方式对哈尔滨市的儿童进行随机调查，收集关于儿童呼吸、过敏疾病和室内暴露因素的现况信息，建立用于进一步分析的数据库。用流行病学和统计学的研究理论和方法统计分析这些呼吸性及过敏性疾病的流行趋势，分析室内环境暴露因素对这些疾病的影响。本文对所研究的某些疾病进行详细的分布趋势分析，采用卡方检验对不同情况下的疾病患病率进行差异显著性分析。统计结果显示：哮喘的患病率为3.1%，肺炎为28.7%，哮鸣、食物过敏、湿疹、耳炎等疾病的患病率比较高，湿疹、哮鸣等疾病随着年龄的增长有明显的降低趋势。卡方检验结果显示：哮鸣在男女性中的患病率有显著性的差异（卡方检验P值：0.000），湿疹（卡方检验P值：0.001）、哮喘（卡方检验P值：0.011）等疾病在男女性中的患病率也有显著性差异。肺炎（卡方检验P值为0.003）和哮吼（卡方检验P值：0.018）在城市和郊区的患病率也有显著性差异。本文采用logistic回归计算原始OR值和调整后OR值对室内暴露因素和儿童呼吸、过敏性疾病的影响关联性进行分析。通过单因素分析，，得到如下结论：室内的潮湿指标和所研究的疾病之间有比较强的关联性，住宅内有发霉现象增大哮喘患病风险（OR值：2.583,95%置信区间：1.391-4.797），对过敏性鼻炎也是一种危险因素（OR值：3.819,95%置信区间：1.944-7.488）。家庭吸烟对疾病的影响不是很显著。对性别、年龄、母乳喂养持续时间、家庭成员等混杂因素进行调整，分析结果显示：室内有明显的发霉现象是过敏性鼻炎的危险暴露（调整后OR值：3.534,95%置信区间：1.750-7.110），家庭成员吸烟与哮喘、肺炎等疾病之间的关联性不显著，被子受潮对大多数所研究疾病是危险性因素，而晒被子对这些疾病有一定的保护性作用。但是，以上的关联性分析结果是否受到病例对照研究中的偏倚的干扰并不能确定。
[Abstract]:Asthma, pneumonia, allergic rhinitis and other respiratory diseases seriously affect the physical and mental health of children, indoor environment as an environmental factor should not be ignored. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on children in Harbin to collect information on respiratory, allergic diseases and indoor exposure factors, and to establish a database for further analysis. The epidemiological and statistical research theories and methods were used to analyze the prevalence trend of these respiratory and allergic diseases and the effects of indoor environmental exposure factors on these diseases. In this paper, the distribution trend of some diseases studied was analyzed in detail, and the difference of the prevalence of diseases in different conditions was analyzed by chi-square test. The statistical results showed that the prevalence of asthma was 3.1 and pneumonia was 28.7, wheezing, food allergy, eczema, ear inflammation and other diseases were relatively high, eczema, wheezing and other diseases with the increase of age has an obvious trend of decline. The results of chi-square test showed that there were significant differences in prevalence of wheezing between men and women (P: 0.000), eczema (Chi-square test P: 0.001), asthma (Chi-square test P: 0.011) and other diseases. There is also a significant difference. The prevalence of pneumonia (P = 0.003) and wheezing (P = 0.018) were also significantly different between urban and suburban areas. Logistic regression was used to calculate the original OR value and adjusted OR value to analyze the relationship between indoor exposure factors and respiratory and allergic diseases in children. By univariate analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: there is a strong correlation between the indoor humidity index and the diseases studied. The occurrence of mildew increased the risk of asthma (OR: 2.58395% confidence interval: 1.391-4.797), which was also a risk factor for allergic rhinitis (OR: 3.81995% confidence interval: 1.944-7.488). The effect of home smoking on disease is not significant. Adjust for gender, age, duration of breastfeeding, family members, etc. The results showed that the obvious mildew in the room was the risk of allergic rhinitis (adjusted OR: 3.53495% confidence interval: 1.750-7.110), and the association between smoking and asthma, pneumonia and other diseases was not significant. The damp of quilts is a risk factor for most of the diseases studied, but sunning has a protective effect on these diseases. However, it is not certain whether the above correlation analysis results were interfered with by bias in the case-control study.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R725.6

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