北京市朝阳区儿童家长第二类疫苗接种意愿及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 14:56

【摘要】：目的:1.了解北京市朝阳区儿童家长对第二类疫苗认知情况及接种意愿。2.探索分析北京市朝阳区儿童第二类疫苗接种的影响因素。3.了解“山东疫苗事件”发生前后,家长和医务人员对待第二类疫苗的态度。4.为科学接种第二类疫苗,进一步提高人群的第二类疫苗接种提供科学依据。方法:本研究采用横断面调查的方法,于2015年10～12月和2016年4～6月分别在朝阳区43家社区卫生服务中心保健科,按照简单随机抽样的原则抽取了 9个接种单位,对726名儿童的家长进行问卷调查;调查内容包括:儿童的基本情况,疫苗的认知情况和影响接种的因素以及儿童接种情况。并随机抽取了朝阳区15家社区卫生医院保健科的118名预约医生及接种医护人员对第二类疫苗的认知和推荐行为开展了自填式问卷调查。2016年利用同样的抽样方法,调查儿童家长232名,医护人员212名。调查问卷信息采用Epidata系统进行录入,经过数据清洗导出后,采用描述性分析,卡方检验以及Logistic回归方法进行统计分析。结果:1.2016年较2015年,北京市朝阳区儿童家长对第二类疫苗的接种意愿及接种门诊医生对第二类疫苗的推荐积极性呈现明显的下降。2015年调查问卷的结果中显示为77.8%,提示多数家长愿意自费接种第二类疫苗;在2016年的调查结果中显示为55.6%。2.儿童家长第二类疫苗认知情况:70%以上的家长知道疫苗分为两类,并知道第二类疫苗的概念;2015年母亲是决定第二类疫苗接种的主要人群,2016年则发生变化,“父亲”“垞父母和同事朋友”的占比提高,12%的人群选择不再接种自费疫苗;2015年和2016年安全性始终是影响疫苗选择的最主要因素;在获取疫苗相关知识的渠道上,2015年首先主要通过媒体(广播、电视、网络)的方式,2016年则转变为通过保健科医生的介绍来了解疫苗相关知识。3.儿童家长第二类疫苗接种意愿:2015年77.69%的家长、2016年55.6%的家长愿意自费为孩子接种第二类疫苗。4.朝阳区儿童第二类疫苗接种的影响因素有:2015年,单因素分析显示影响家长接种第第二类疫苗意愿的因素有:“调查对象与儿童的关系,居住时间,民族,父、母亲文化程度,家庭人均月收入,家到接种点是否方便,路上花费时间,接受等待的时间,接种点的服务时间”。2016年,单因素分析显示,影响家长接种第二类疫苗意愿的因素仅有“家到接种点是否方便”。结论:1.2016年较2015年,朝阳区儿童家长对第二类疫苗的接种意愿和朝阳区医生对第二类疫苗的推荐积极性发生变化,“山东疫苗事件”可能导致变化的原因。考虑该事件对第二类疫苗接种情况产生负面影响,有必要采取措施,消除该事件的消极作用。2.儿童家长了解疫苗相关知识的途径在2016年发生明显变化,从通过媒体转向通过医务工作者介绍,医务工作者公信力增加。3.儿童父母亲的文化程度、能接受等待的时间、服务时间是否合适、收入是影响第二类疫苗接种的重要因素。
[Abstract]:Objective: 1. to understand the cognition and willingness of parents of Chaoyang District children in Beijing city to second types of vaccines.2. explore and analyze the influence factors of second types of vaccine inoculation in Chaoyang District children of Beijing city..3. understand the attitude of parents and medical staff to the second types of vaccine before and after the occurrence of the "Shandong vaccine event",.4. for the scientific inoculation of second types of vaccines, One step is to provide scientific basis for improving the population of second types of vaccinations. Methods: in this study, a cross-sectional survey was used in the health care department of 43 community health service centers in Chaoyang District in 10~12 months of 2015 and 4~6 months of 2016. 9 inoculation units were selected according to the principle of simple random sampling, and the parents of 726 children were asked to do a questionnaire. The survey included the basic situation of children, the cognition of the vaccine, the factors affecting the inoculation and the situation of children's inoculation, and randomly selected 118 appointed doctors of the health care department of 15 community health hospitals in Chaoyang District and the medical and nursing staff to carry out a self-filled questionnaire survey on the cognition and recommendation of the second types of vaccines. The same sampling method was used to investigate 232 children's parents and 212 medical and nursing staff. The questionnaire information was recorded by Epidata system. After data cleaning and export, descriptive analysis, chi square test and Logistic regression were used to make statistical analysis. Results: 1.2016 years compared with 2015, second types of parents in Chaoyang District, Beijing The willingness to vaccinal and the recommended initiative of the vaccination outpatient doctors to second types of vaccines showed a significant decline in the results of the.2015 year survey, which showed 77.8%, suggesting that most parents were willing to take second types of vaccines at their own expense; in 2016 the results of the survey showed that second types of vaccines were recognized as parents of parents of 55.6%.2. children: more than 70% families The long known vaccine was divided into two categories, and the concept of second types of vaccines was known. In 2015, the mother was the main group to determine the second type of vaccination. In 2016, the population was changed. "Father", "parents and colleagues and friends" were increased, and 12% of the population chose not to be vaccinated; and the safety of 2015 and 2016 was always the influence of vaccine selection. The main factor; in the way of acquiring vaccine related knowledge, in 2015, first mainly through the media (radio, television, network), and in 2016, it was transformed into a health care practitioner to understand the vaccination related knowledge of.3. parents: 77.69% of parents in 2015, and 55.6% of parents in 2016 were willing to pay their own expenses. The factors affecting the inoculation of second types of vaccines for children of.4. Chaoyang District children are: in 2015, one factor analysis showed that the factors affecting the parents' willingness to vaccinate class second were: "the relationship between the children and the children, the time of living, the nation, the father, the mother's literacy, the monthly income of the family, and the convenience of the home to the inoculation point." On the way, the time spent, the waiting time, the service time of the inoculation point,.2016, single factor analysis showed that the factors affecting the willingness of parents to inoculate second types of vaccines were only "whether home to the inoculation point is convenient". Conclusion: 1.2016 years compared with 2015, Chaoyang District children's parents' vaccination intention of second types of vaccines and the second categories of doctors in Chaoyang District The recommended enthusiasm for the vaccine has changed, and the "Shandong vaccine event" may lead to changes. Considering the negative impact of the incident on the second types of vaccination, measures should be taken to eliminate the negative effects of the incident. The ways in which the parents of.2. children understand the vaccine related knowledge have changed significantly in 2016, from the media through the media. Through the introduction of medical workers, the credibility of medical workers increases the educational level of.3. children and parents, can accept the waiting time, whether the service time is suitable, and the income is an important factor affecting the second types of vaccination.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R186

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