2011年-2014年黄山地区儿童支原体感染流行病学分析

发布时间：2018-08-27 18:13

【摘要】：目的:了解肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumaniae,MP)在黄山地区小儿呼吸道感染中的发病情况;分析近年来肺炎支原体感染在该地区儿童中的流行病学变化特点,为增强本地区对MP感染的防治工作提供可靠的临床依据。方法:选取2011年1月-2014年12月在黄山市人民医院儿科住院就诊的呼吸道感染的患儿5637例,选用潍坊市康华生物技术有限公司肺炎支原体抗体IgM检测试剂盒(胶体金法)进行检测,并对所收集的资料根据不同性别、年龄、月、季节、居住环境及所致疾病情况等数据运用回顾性对照研究的方法进行分析。结果:送检病例计5637例,1251例结果为阳性,阳性率为22.19%,MP感染率男女性别患儿间无显著性差异(P0.05);不同年龄组均可发病,MP感染率具年龄差异性(P0.05),6个月小婴儿感染率最低(7.74%),小于4-7岁年龄组的婴幼儿,MP感染率呈现与年龄增长正相关趋势,4-7岁年龄组MP感染率可高达(38.41%),7-14岁年龄组感染率则呈下降趋势;黄山地区MP感染可发生在全年四季,但季节性差异明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05),冬春季节明显高于夏秋,2013年冬季MP感染率高达(38.28%),为各季节感染率之首,2011夏季感染率仅为9.80%;MP感染率存在居住环境差异性,城市儿童MP感染率明显高于乡村(P0.05);总的MP感染率在四年中有逐渐上升的趋势,但2013年的感染率与其他年份同期相比明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。MP阳性率在各类呼吸道感染性疾病中以大叶性肺炎最高达到76.71%,继之为间质性肺炎达59.77%,哮喘合并感染患儿达43.28%,支气管肺炎为22.90%,支气管炎为9.36%,上呼吸道感染为16.02%,而毛细支气管炎的MP阳性率最低为5.03%,MP感染阳性率在不同疾病中的差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:1、MP感染是近四年黄山地区儿童呼吸道感染性疾病的主要病原菌,尤其是在4-7岁年龄组的儿童;2、近四年来MP感染率呈逐年上升趋势,感染率呈现显著季节性及年龄差异性,无性别差异;3、2013年黄山地区可能发生较明显的MP感染爆发流行;4、临床及疾病预防控制部门需重视对MP感染的防治,尤其是托儿所、幼儿园、学校、社团等集体机构。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the incidence of mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mycoplasma pneumaniae,MP) in children with respiratory tract infection in Huangshan area, and to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children in Huangshan area in recent years. To enhance the prevention and treatment of MP infection in this area to provide a reliable clinical basis. Methods: 5637 cases of respiratory tract infection were selected from January 2011 to December 2014 in Huangshan people's Hospital. The IgM kit (colloidal gold method) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody detection kit of Weifang Kanghua Biotechnology Co., Ltd was selected to detect the data collected according to sex, age, month and season. The data of living environment and related diseases were analyzed by the method of retrospective control study. Results: 5637 cases were positive. The positive rate of MP infection rate was 22.19%. There was no significant difference between male and female children with MP infection rate (P0.05), and the infection rate of MP was the lowest in 6-month-old infants (7.74%), and the rate of MP infection in infants younger than 4-7 years old was the lowest (P0.05). The infection rate of MP in the 4-7 age group was as high as 38.41%. The infection rate in the 7-14 age group showed a downward trend. MP infection can occur in the four seasons of the whole year in Huangshan area, but the seasonal difference is obvious. The infection rate of MP in winter and winter was as high as 38.28% (P0.05). The infection rate of MP was 9.80% in summer of 2011. The infection rate of MP in urban children was significantly higher than that in rural areas (P0.05), and the total infection rate of MP increased gradually in four years, but the infection rate in 2013 was significantly higher than that in other years. The positive rate of MP was 76.71 in all kinds of respiratory infectious diseases, 59.77 in interstitial pneumonia, 43.28 in asthmatic children with infection, 22.90 in bronchopneumonia, 9.36 in bronchitis, and in bronchitis. The positive rate of MP in bronchiolitis was the lowest, and the positive rate of MP in different diseases was significantly different. There was statistical significance (P0.05). Conclusion the infection of MP is the main pathogen of respiratory tract infection in Huangshan area in the last four years, especially in the age group of 4-7 years. The infection rate of MP has been increasing year by year in the past four years, and the infection rate is seasonal and different in age. There is no sex difference. In 2013, there may be a more obvious outbreak of MP infection in Huangshan area. Clinical and disease prevention and control departments should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of MP infection, especially nurseries, kindergartens, schools, associations and other collective organizations.
【学位授予单位】：皖南医学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R725.1

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