儿科病房抗菌药物应用调查及常见致病菌耐药性分析

发布时间：2018-09-03 12:07

【摘要】：目的:探讨儿科抗菌药物使用及常见致病菌耐药性,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法:对2008年1～12月儿科住院患者应用抗菌药物的病例及同期临床检出常见致病菌的耐药情况进行回顾性分析。结果:抗菌药物使用率为97.2%,不合理用药率为27.44%,青霉素类和头孢菌素类药物是儿科用药主流,临床应用以二联为主(64.38%),病原学检查送检率为10.25%;共分离优势菌株294株,革兰阳性菌78株(26.53%)、革兰阴性菌201株(68.37%)、真菌15株(5.10%),铜绿假单胞菌(20.75%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(20.07%)、大肠埃希菌(16.33%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(11.56%)、金葡菌(12.59%)为儿科临床主要致病菌;不同细菌对儿科常用抗菌药物均呈现不同程度的耐药性,亚胺培南耐药率最低(8.87%),氨苄西林耐药率最高(95.18%)。结论:抗菌药物有一定的滥用趋势,致病菌以革兰阴性菌为主且呈现多重耐药,加强抗菌药物应用管理,根据药敏结果正确选药,控制抗菌药物过度使用,减少耐药菌株的产生。
[Abstract]:Objective: to explore the use of antimicrobial agents and drug resistance of common pathogenic bacteria in pediatrics. Methods: the cases of antibiotic application in pediatric inpatients from January to December 2008 and the drug resistance of common pathogenic bacteria detected in clinic during the same period were analyzed retrospectively. Results: the utilization rate of antimicrobial agents was 97.2%, the irrational drug rate was 27.44%, penicillin and cephalosporins were the main drugs in pediatrics, the main clinical application was duplex (64.38%), the pathogenetic examination rate was 10.25%, 294 strains were isolated. Gram-positive bacteria 78 (26.53%), Gram-negative bacteria 201 (68.37%), fungi 15 (5.10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.75%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.07%), Escherichia coli (16.33%), Acinetobacter baumannii (11.56%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.59%) were the main pathogens in pediatrics. The resistant rate of imipenem was the lowest (8.87%) and ampicillin was the highest (95.18%). Conclusion: there is a tendency of abuse of antimicrobial agents. Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens and present multidrug resistance. The administration of antimicrobial application should be strengthened, and the correct selection of antibiotics should be carried out according to the results of drug sensitivity, and the excessive use of antimicrobial agents should be controlled. Reduce the production of resistant strains.
【作者单位】：湖南省怀化市第二人民医院;
【分类号】：R446.5;R96

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