山东省烟台市2016年一起城区小学水痘暴发的流行病学调查分析

发布时间：2018-10-15 14:11

【摘要】：目的分析烟台市2016年某小学水痘暴发疫情的流行病学特征及危险因素,评价水痘减毒活疫苗(Var V)的保护效果(VE)。方法采用描述性方法分析疫情的分布特征,采用病例对照研究分析发病危险因素。分析不同Var V接种史者的水痘罹患率,评价Var V的VE。结果该起暴发共发生27例水痘病例,总罹患率为1.54%。共发生5代病例,历时66天,出现3个发病高峰。校外及学校食堂午餐与此次疫情有显著联系(OR=20.26,95%CI:3.72-110.46;OR=12.15,95%CI:1.95-75.69)。暴露年级学生总Var V覆盖率为87.55%,其中1、2剂次的覆盖率分别为44.81%、42.74%。Var V的总VE为70.73%,其中1、2剂次的VE分别为62.20%、83.54%。结论密切接触、2剂次Var V覆盖率低是造成学校水痘暴发的重要原因。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of varicella outbreak in a primary school in Yantai City in 2016 and to evaluate the protective effect of live attenuated varicella vaccine (Var V) by (VE). Methods descriptive method was used to analyze the distribution of epidemic situation and case-control study was used to analyze the risk factors. To analyze the incidence rate of varicella in people with different history of Var V inoculation, and to evaluate the VE. of Var V Results there were 27 cases of varicella in this outbreak, the total attack rate was 1.54. A total of 5 generations of cases occurred, lasting 66 days, there were 3 peak incidence. Lunch outside school and school canteen was significantly associated with the epidemic (OR=20.26,95%CI:3.72-110.46;OR=12.15,95%CI:1.95-75.69). The total Var V coverage rate of the exposed grade students was 87.55, and the coverage rate of the first dose and the second dose was 44.81 and 42.74, respectively. The total VE of Var V was 70.73, and the VE of one dose and two doses was 62.20 and 83.54, respectively. Conclusion close contact and low Var V coverage were the main causes of varicella outbreak in schools.
【作者单位】： 烟台市疾病预防控制中心;莱山区疾病预防控制中心;
【基金】：2014年烟台市科技计划项目第一批(编号2014WS053)
【分类号】：R181.81;R725.1
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