362例6岁以下儿童诺如病毒性胃肠炎诊治分析

发布时间：2018-11-01 12:27

【摘要】：目的探讨6岁以下儿童诺如病毒性胃肠炎的临床特征及防治方法。方法回顾性分析2016年该院362例6岁以下儿童诺如病毒性胃肠炎的发病年龄、发病情况(散发、群发)、发病季节、病程、临床表现、实验室检查、治疗情况及预后情况。结果 362例患儿中男192例,占53.0%,女170例,占47.0%;年龄以3~6岁为主占219例(60.5%);以散发病例为主,占239例(66.0%);好发于冬季[160例(44.2%)]和春季[126例(34.8%)];病程多在2~3d(51.4%)。临床表现以腹泻[328例(90.6%)]、恶心呕吐[263例(72.7%)]为主,126例(34.8%)患儿出现发热,52例(14.4%)患儿出现脱水征象,231例(63.8%)患儿白细胞总数正常,82例(22.7%)患儿出现电解质紊乱,以低钠低氯、低钾为主。86例(23.8%)患儿住院治疗,住院时间1~4d,平均2.4d,所有患儿均治愈,无死亡患儿;其余患儿[276例(76.2%)]均在家中隔离,未经药物治疗,均自愈。结论 6岁以下儿童诺如病毒性胃肠炎3~6岁高发,好发于冬春季节,以腹泻和呕吐为主要表现,严重者可出现发热、脱水、电解质紊乱而需住院治疗。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the clinical features and prevention and treatment of noroviral gastroenteritis in children under 6 years old. Methods the onset age, incidence (sporadic, mass), onset season, course of disease, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, treatment and prognosis of 362 children under 6 years of age in 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Results 192 cases (53.0%) were male, 170 cases (47.0%) were female, 219 cases (60.5%) were age 3 or 6 years old, 239 cases (66.0%) were sporadic cases. Most of them occurred in winter [160 cases (44.2%)] and spring (126 cases (34.8%), and the course of disease occurred in 2 days (51.4%). The clinical manifestations were diarrhea [328 cases (90.6%)], nausea and vomiting (263 cases (72.7%), fever in 126 cases (34.8%), dehydration in 52 cases (14.4%). The total number of leukocytes was normal in 231 cases (63.8%), electrolyte disturbance was found in 82 cases (22.7%), mainly low sodium and low chlorine, low potassium, 86 cases (23.8%) were hospitalized for 1 ~ 4 days (average 2.4 days). All the children were cured and there was no death. The rest [276 cases (76.2%)] were isolated at home and healed without medication. Conclusion Children under 6 years of age have a high incidence of noroviral gastroenteritis at the age of 3 and 6 years, with diarrhea and vomiting as the main manifestations in winter and spring. In severe cases, fever, dehydration and electrolyte disorder may occur and should be treated in hospital.
【作者单位】：江苏省无锡市人民医院儿童医院儿科;江苏省无锡市人民医院儿童医院儿童消化科;江苏省无锡市人民医院儿童医院检验科;
【分类号】：R725.1

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