早产儿脑损伤的诊疗进展

发布时间：2018-11-19 09:01

【摘要】：背景:随着新生儿重症监护室的建立及产科技术的不断发展,早产儿、特别是极低出生体重早产儿及超低出生体重早产儿的存活率日益升高,但早产儿脑损伤的发病率并没降低,反而有升高的趋势。当前迫切需要寻求一种能提高早产儿脑损伤诊断灵敏度的检查方法,以期能早期诊断,并为临床医师早期治疗提供依据,降低远期神经系统后遗症。目的:通过对早产儿脑损伤的诊断和治疗进行综述,探讨提高早产儿脑损伤诊断灵敏度的诊断方法和降低远期神经系统并发症的治疗手段。方法:以早产儿、脑损伤、诊断、治疗、振幅整合脑电图、经颅多普勒超声、头颅磁共振为关键词,进行检索,找出关于新生儿脑损伤诊断、治疗的文章,并对其总结。总结:目前有大量文章是关于早产儿脑损伤的诊断和治疗,但由于早产儿脑损伤病因多元,临床表现不典型,目前仍缺乏诊断早产儿脑损伤的金标准,近年来,国内外新生儿科专家学者通过联合多种检查手段,能显著提高新生儿脑损伤诊断的灵敏度。早产儿脑损伤的治疗并无特效药物,主要以营养神经及综合预防为主。早期诊断及治疗,有助于减少脑损伤和远期神经系统后遗症。
[Abstract]:Background: with the establishment of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and the development of obstetrical techniques, the survival rate of premature infants, especially those with very low birth weight and ultra low birth weight, is increasing. However, the incidence of brain injury in premature infants did not decrease, but increased. There is an urgent need to find a method to improve the diagnostic sensitivity of brain injury in premature infants in order to provide evidence for early diagnosis and to reduce the long term sequelae of nervous system. Objective: to summarize the diagnosis and treatment of brain injury in premature infants, and to explore the diagnostic methods to improve the diagnostic sensitivity of brain injury in preterm infants and to reduce the long-term neurological complications. Methods: the key words of premature infant, brain injury, diagnosis, treatment, amplitude integrated EEG, transcranial Doppler ultrasound and cranial magnetic resonance were searched to find out the article about the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal brain injury and summarize it. Summary: there are a lot of articles on the diagnosis and treatment of brain injury in premature infants. However, due to the multiple causes and atypical clinical manifestations of brain injury in preterm infants, there is still a lack of golden criteria for the diagnosis of brain injury in preterm infants. Experts and scholars of neonatal pediatrics at home and abroad can significantly improve the sensitivity of neonatal brain injury diagnosis by combining various examination methods. The treatment of brain injury in preterm infants has no effect drugs, mainly nutritional nerve and comprehensive prevention. Early diagnosis and treatment are helpful to reduce brain injury and long-term neurological sequelae.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R722.6

【参考文献】