非营养性吸吮对早产低出生体重儿生长发育的影响研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 06:57

【摘要】：目的研究非营养性吸吮对早产低出生体重儿体格生长和消化功能的影响,并探讨在管饲前、管饲喂养过程中、管饲后分别对早产低出生体重儿实施非营养性吸吮对其影响效果有无差异。方法采用便利抽样的方法,抽取2016年1月~2016年7月天津市某综合性三甲医院新生儿科收治的120例早产低出生体重儿,应用随机数字表法将研究对象分为4组,即A组、B组、C组和D组,每组30例。A组为对照组,给予早产儿常规治疗和一般护理,B组、C组和D组为干预组,除给予常规治疗和一般护理外,分别在管饲前、管饲喂养过程中以及管饲后给予非营养性吸吮,观察并记录各组早产低出生体重儿的基本资料、体格生长指标和消化功能指标,比较分析4组早产低出生体重儿的体重增长速度、身长增长速度及头围增长速度、喂养不耐受的发生情况、胎粪排尽时间、过渡至完全经口喂养的时间以及住院时间。使用SPSS16.0统计软件对资料进行录入和统计学分析,统计学方法包括描述性统计分析、单因素方差分析、秩和检验、c2检验及多组间的两两比较。结果1.纳入的120例早产低出生体重儿中,共失访3例,其中1例因需外科手术转院,2例病情不稳定、需反复使用呼吸机而导致无法继续实施干预。最终实际完成研究的对象为117例,A组29例,B组29例,C组29例,D组30例。4组早产低出生体重儿在胎龄、性别、分娩方式、出生体重、出生身长、出生头围、出生1min Apgar评分、奶粉种类等方面,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05),各组间均衡,可以进行比较。2.各组早产低出生体重儿的体重增长速度差异没有统计学意义(P0.05);身长增长速度、头围增长速度以及恢复至出生体重的时间差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),两两比较得出:A组与B组、C组、D组差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),B组、C组和D组三组各组间差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。3.各组早产低出生体重儿的腹胀发生率(A组48.3%、B组13.8%、C组10.3%、D组13.3%)差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),两两比较得出:A组与B组、C组、D组差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),B组、C组和D组三组各组间差异没有统计学意义(P0.05);胃潴留发生率(A组89.7%、B组55.2%、C组51.7%、D组43.3%)差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),两两比较得出:A组与B组、C组、D组差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),B组、C组和D组三组各组间差异没有统计学意义(P0.05);胎粪排尽时间、过渡至完全经口喂养时间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),两两比较得出:A组与B组、C组、D组差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),B组、C组和D组三组各组间差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。4.各组早产低出生体重儿的住院时间差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论1.非营养性吸吮能加快早产低出生体重儿身长和头围的生长,缩短恢复至出生体重的时间,促进体格生长。2.非营养性吸吮能改善早产低出生体重儿的消化功能,降低腹胀和胃潴留的发生率,加快胎粪的排出,减少达到完全经口喂养的时间。3.管饲前、中、后分别给予非营养性吸吮对早产低出生体重儿体格生长和消化系统的作用效果并无差异,因此护理人员可根据工作需要合理安排对早产低出生体重儿实施非营养性吸吮。
[Abstract]:Objective To study the effect of non-nutritive sucking on the physical growth and digestive function of low birth weight infants. Methods 120 cases of low birth weight with low birth weight from January 2016 to July 2016 were extracted from January 2016 to July 2016. The study object was divided into 4 groups, namely group A, group B, group C and group D, and 30 cases in each group. in group A, that control group was given the routine treatment and general care of the premature infant, group B, group C and group D were the intervention group, except for routine treatment and general care, the non-nutritive suck was given in the course of tube feeding, feeding and feeding, and after the tube feeding, The basic data, physical growth index and digestive function index of the low birth weight infants in each group were observed and recorded, and the body weight growth rate, the growth rate of the body and the growth rate of the head circumference, the occurrence of the feeding intolerance and the time of the birth of the fetus were compared and analyzed. The time of the transition to full-mouth feeding, as well as the hospital stay. The data were recorded and analyzed by using the SPSS16. 0 statistical software. The statistical methods include descriptive statistical analysis, single factor analysis of variance, rank sum test, c2 test, and two comparisons between groups. Results 1. Of the 120 premature low birth weight infants, 3 cases were lost, one of which was due to the need for surgery, and 2 cases were not stable, and the ventilator was repeatedly used to cause the intervention to be continued. The results of the study were 117, 29 in group A, 29 in group B, 29 in group C and 30 in group D. The difference was not significant (P0.05), and the balance among the groups could be compared. The difference of the body weight of the low birth weight infants in each group was not statistically significant (P0.05); the growth rate of the body, the growth rate of the head circumference and the time difference between the recovery and the birth weight were statistically significant (P0.05), and the results were as follows: group A and group B, group C, The difference of group D in group B, group B, group C and group D was not statistically significant (P0.05). The incidence of abdominal distension of low birth weight infants in each group (group A, group A, group B, group B, group B, group B, group C, group C, group B, group B, group C and group D) was statistically significant (P0.05). The difference between group C and group D was not statistically significant (P0.05); the incidence of gastric retention (A group of 89.7%, group B 55.2%, group C 51.7%, and group D 44.3%) was statistically significant (P <0.05), and the results were as follows: group A and group B, group C, There was no significant difference between group D and group D (P0.05). There was no statistical difference between group B, group C and group D (P <0.05). The difference of time, time and time of transition to full-mouth feeding time in group B was statistically significant (P0.05). The results were as follows: group A and group B, group C, There was no significant difference between group D and group D (P0.05), and there was no statistical difference between group B, group C and group D (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the time of hospitalization for low birth weight infants in each group (P0.05). Conclusion 1. the non-nutritive sucking can accelerate the growth of the body length and the head circumference of the low birth weight infants with low birth weight, shorten the time of recovery to the birth weight, and promote the physical growth. The non-nutritive sucking can improve the digestive function of low birth weight infants with low birth weight, reduce the incidence of abdominal distention and stomachache, accelerate the discharge of the fetus, and reduce the time of full oral feeding. The effect of non-nutritive sucking on the physical growth and the digestive system of the low birth weight infants was not different before and after the feeding, so the nursing staff could reasonably arrange the non-nutritive sucking on the low birth weight of the premature labor according to the work.
【学位授予单位】：天津医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R722.6

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