云南省感染性腹泻流行现状及四种病原分子流行病学研究
发布时间:2019-05-23 10:11
【摘要】:[目的]1.分析云南省2013~2015年其他感染性腹泻的流行特征;2.了解昆明地区5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻中轮状病毒(RV)、诺如病毒(NoV)、扎如病毒(SaV)、腺病毒(AdV)和星状病毒(AstV)的感染状况及流行病学特征,为疾病的防治、疫苗的研制和生产提供信息;3.了解该地区杯状病毒(HuC V)的分子流行病学特征,明确诺如病毒(NoV)和扎如病毒(SaV)在当地的流行型别,为昆明地区病毒性腹泻的防治提供参考。[方法]1.用描述流行病学方法,对2013~2015年云南省“其他感染性腹泻”的疫情资料进行流行病学分析。采用Excel和SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析;2.以云南省第一人民医院和昆明市儿童医院为腹泻监测哨点医院。2014年6月至2015年7月,开展5岁以下儿童腹泻病例监测。采集5岁以下腹泻患儿的粪便标本,同时收集其人口学资料及流行病学资料。采集的腹泻粪便标本制备成10%的便悬液-20℃冰箱保存备用。用酶联免疫方法(ELISA)检测轮状病毒(RV), ELISA阳性者进一步用RT-PCR方法进行轮状病毒(RV)的G/P分型;用PCR方法检测检测肠道腺病毒(AdV);采用RT-PCR方法对杯状病毒(HuCV)和星状病毒(AstV)进行检测;选取诺如病毒(NoV)和扎如病毒(SaV)的部分阳性扩增产物进行核酸序列测定。所有腹泻病毒引物序列均由国家病毒病所提供。数据的计数资料采用χ2检验或校正χ2检验,检验水准a=0.05;测定的序列使用NCBI的BLAST工具比对验证,确定目标病毒。将已测定的测序结果与病毒参考序列输入到MEGA5.1软件中,进行病毒序列的多重比对并构建病毒进化树。建树模型采用Neighbour-j oining(邻接法),置信度检验统计方法使用Bootstrap,检验次数设置为1000。参考株序列来自于GenBank数据库。[结果]1.2013-2015年云南省共报告其他感染性腹泻病冽50480例,年均发病率为35.90/10万;0-和1~岁年龄组占发病总数的60.83%,病例以散居儿童为主;病例集中分布于11~12月份;确诊病例数占报告发病总数的54.50%,其中2013~2015年各年度确诊病例数分别占报告发病总数的47.01%、56.27%和59.48%。2.2014~2015年,监测医院共报告腹泻例638例,5岁以下儿童334例,纳入病例数为321例,排除13例,采集粪便标本321份。321份标本中,阳性标本98份,阳性率为30.53%(98/321)。在98份阳性标本中,轮状病毒(RV)62份(占19.31%)、人类杯状病毒(HuCV) 29份(占9.03%)、星状病毒AstV1份(占0.31%)、腺病毒AdV 0份、混合感染6份(占1.87%),混合感染中轮状病毒和诺如病毒双重感染5例,轮状病毒和星状病毒双重感染1例;3.本研究中病毒性腹泻呈四季散发,其发病高峰集中在10-1月份,以寒冷季节为主;性别分布上,轮状病毒(RV)和人类杯状病毒(HuCV)感染性别间发病率差异均无统计学意义;月龄分布上,轮状病毒(RV)和人类杯状病毒(HuCV)感染主要以24月婴幼儿为主;4.62份轮状病毒(RV) ELISA阳性标本中,G血清型与P基因型分别以G9、P[8]型为优势株:34份人类杯状病毒(HuCV)阳性标本中以诺如病毒(NoV)为主,占94.12%(32/34),其中绝大多数为GⅡ型(31/32,96.88%),仅1株为GI型;扎如病毒(SaV)共2株,占5.88%(2/34),分别为GI型和GⅡ型。[结论]1.云南省2013~2015年其他感染性腹泻发病率以2015年最高,流行集中分布在冬季;1岁及以下的婴幼儿为其高危人群,应重点监测。2.昆明地区病毒性腹泻仍以秋冬季节为主,发病无性别差异,24月婴幼儿为发病易感人群,应加强监测;3.轮状病毒(RV)是其他感染性腹泻主要病原体,流行型别为G9P[8]型,目前的疫苗可预防其发病;其次为人类杯状病毒(HuCV),而星状病毒(AstV)和腺病毒(AdV)感染仍呈现散发流行;4.人类杯状病毒(HuCV)是昆明地区5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻中仅次于轮状病毒(RV)的重要病原体,GII.4/Sydney2012株是其流行优势株,目前未发现有公共卫生意义的变异。诺如病毒(NoV)作为RNA病毒,极易发生变异,新变异株的出现常是新一轮诺如病毒活跃期的预警,应继续加强对人类杯状病毒(HuCV)(尤其是NoV)的病原学监测,从而有效控制由人类杯状病毒(HuCV)(尤其是NoV)引起的感染性腹泻。
[Abstract]:[Objective] 1. Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2015; To understand the infection and epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus (RV), NoV (NoV), Zas (SaV), adenovirus (AdV) and star-like virus (AstV) in children under the age of 5 in Kunming, and provide information for the prevention and treatment of diseases, the development and production of the vaccine. 3. To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the regional cup virus (HuC V), it is clear that the epidemic type of NoV and SaV in the local area is a reference for the prevention and treatment of viral diarrhea in Kunming. [Method] 1. The epidemiological analysis of the epidemic data of the "Other infectious diarrhea" in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2015 was carried out by the method of descriptive epidemiology. Statistical analysis was carried out using Excel and SPSS 22.0 software. The first People's Hospital of Yunnan Province and the Children's Hospital of Kunming are the monitoring sentinel hospitals for diarrhea. From June 2014 to July 2015, the monitoring of children's diarrhea cases under the age of 5 years is carried out. The stool specimens of children under 5 years of age were collected and their demographic data and epidemiological data were collected. The collected stool specimen for diarrhea was prepared as a 10% suspension-20 鈩,
本文编号:2483815
[Abstract]:[Objective] 1. Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2015; To understand the infection and epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus (RV), NoV (NoV), Zas (SaV), adenovirus (AdV) and star-like virus (AstV) in children under the age of 5 in Kunming, and provide information for the prevention and treatment of diseases, the development and production of the vaccine. 3. To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the regional cup virus (HuC V), it is clear that the epidemic type of NoV and SaV in the local area is a reference for the prevention and treatment of viral diarrhea in Kunming. [Method] 1. The epidemiological analysis of the epidemic data of the "Other infectious diarrhea" in Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2015 was carried out by the method of descriptive epidemiology. Statistical analysis was carried out using Excel and SPSS 22.0 software. The first People's Hospital of Yunnan Province and the Children's Hospital of Kunming are the monitoring sentinel hospitals for diarrhea. From June 2014 to July 2015, the monitoring of children's diarrhea cases under the age of 5 years is carried out. The stool specimens of children under 5 years of age were collected and their demographic data and epidemiological data were collected. The collected stool specimen for diarrhea was prepared as a 10% suspension-20 鈩,
本文编号:2483815
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