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儿童动脉缺血性卒中的病因分析

发布时间:2019-05-29 05:38
【摘要】:目的:总结儿童动脉缺血性卒中(Arterialischemicstroke,AIS)的临床特点、病因及危险因素,以指导早期诊断和有效预防。 方法:回顾性分析58例于2003年1月-2011年3月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院住院治疗的AIS患儿的资料,利用SPSS17.0统计学软件描述年龄、性别分布等基本情况及相关病因和危险因素,并分析头部轻微外伤与基底节钙化是否存在相关性等。 结果: (1)本组58例AIS患儿中,男31例,女27例;年龄2个月3天-13岁,平均3岁10个月,其中≥1个月~<1岁7例(12.1%),≥1岁~<3岁21例(36.2%),≥3岁~<6岁17例(29.3%),≥6岁~<13岁13例(22.4%),幼儿及学龄前儿童为发病高峰人群。 (2)本组58例AIS患儿自发病后至入院最短3小时,最长3个月,平均6.8天,平均住院时间为11.45天。 (3)本组58例AIS患儿中常见神经系统表现依次为肢体偏瘫[52例(92.8%)],中枢性面瘫[34例(58.6%)],运动性失语[16例(27.6%)],头痛、呕吐[11例(19.0%)],意识障碍[8例(13.8%)],惊厥[7例(12.1%)]。 (4)本组58例AIS患儿中40例行血管影像学检查,其中33例异常(82.5%),表现为狭窄或中断,其中,累及左侧大脑中动脉19例(47.5%),颈内动脉16例(40.0%,左右各8例),右侧大脑中动脉14例(35.0%),基底动脉4例,脑底动脉环缺如1例,7例(17.5%)未见明显脑底血管网及椎-基底动脉异常。 (5)本组58例AIS患儿中,常见病因为轻微头部外伤(26例,44.8%)、烟雾病(8例,13.8%)和颅内感染(5例,8.6%),22例(37.9%)患儿有呼吸道感染,6例(10.3%)患儿未找到任何病因或危险因素。 (6)本组58例AIS患儿中,18例(31.0%)为多病因共存,其中,15例具备2个危险因素或病因,2例具备3个危险因素或病因,1例具备4个危险因素或病因。 结论: (1)本组58例AIS患儿中,自发病至入院间隔平均6.8天,,发病高峰年龄为幼儿时期及学龄前时期,农村发病多于城市,男性发病多于女性。 (2)本组58例AIS患儿中,最常见的神经功能障碍为肢体偏瘫,右侧偏瘫较左侧偏瘫常见,其他常见神经系统表现为中枢性面瘫、运动性失语及头痛、呕吐等。 (3)本组行血管影像学检查的40例AIS患儿中,大脑中动脉狭窄或中断最常见,其中,左侧受累较右侧多见,其次为颈内动脉受累,7例行血管影像学检查(MRA或CTA)未见脑底血管网及椎-基底动脉异常。 (4)本组58例AIS患儿中,常见的病因为轻微头部外伤、烟雾病及颅内感染,较多患儿病前或病程中有上呼吸道感染。因此,积极预防感染、减少头部外伤,对突发偏瘫患儿早期行头颅影像和血管检查将有利于AIS的早期诊断和预防。
[Abstract]:Objective: to summarize the clinical characteristics, etiology and risk factors of arterial ischemic stroke (Arterialischemicstroke,AIS) in children, so as to guide early diagnosis and effective prevention. Methods: the data of 58 children with AIS hospitalized in the affiliated Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2003 to March 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. the age was described by SPSS17.0 statistical software. Sex distribution and related etiology and risk factors were analyzed, and the correlation between mild head trauma and basal ganglia calcification was analyzed. Results: (1) of the 58 children with AIS, 31 were male and 27 were female; The age ranged from 2 months to 13 years, with an average of 3 years and 10 months. Among them, 7 cases (12.1%) were 鈮

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