早产儿脑白质损伤磁共振成像诊断基础与评价

发布时间：2018-06-23 00:03

本文选题：脑白质损伤 + 磁共振成像　；参考：《临床儿科杂志》2015年03期

【摘要】：随着新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)诊治技术的进步,降低了早产儿的死亡率,但是新生儿的神经发育异常发生率仍处于较高水平。人们越来越认识到,在早产的儿童中认知缺陷常可发生于没有显著损伤和脑性瘫痪时,其通常由于非严重的脑白质损伤(源于围生期)。微小囊性和弥漫性白质损伤常需要磁共振成像(MRI)才能发现,在早产儿脑损伤的构成中占据主导地位。早产儿脑白质损伤的靶细胞和组织不仅局限于前体少突胶质细胞和白质,也可以有神经元和灰质受累。实际上,脑白质损伤早产儿脑发育轨迹是破坏性损伤和异常发育过程的共同作用的结果。目前临床应用的MRI不仅能在损伤的早期发现微小性和弥漫性损伤,而且可以描述白质髓鞘化进程,纤维素发育及皮质成熟和脑的功能连接。但是,应用不同MRI技术在整个生命周期中准确反映脑发育上需要深入和长期的研究。
[Abstract]:With the progress of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the mortality rate of premature infants has been reduced, but the incidence of neurodevelopmental abnormalities is still in a high level. It is increasingly recognized that cognitive impairment in preterm children often occurs without significant damage and cerebral palsy, usually due to non-severe white matter damage (derived from perinatal period). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often needed to detect microcystic and diffuse white matter injury in preterm infants. The target cells and tissues of white matter injury in preterm infants are not only limited to the precursor oligodendrocytes and white matter, but also involved in neurons and gray matter. In fact, the brain development trajectory of preterm infants with white matter injury is the result of both destructive and abnormal developmental processes. MRI can not only detect small and diffuse lesions in the early stage of injury, but also describe myelination process, cellulose development, cortical maturation and functional connections of the brain. However, the use of different MRI techniques to accurately reflect brain development throughout the life cycle requires in-depth and long-term research.
【作者单位】：中国医科大学附属盛京医院儿科;
【分类号】：R742;R445.2

【共引文献】