瓦房店市铸造业粉尘危害状况调查分析

发布时间：2018-09-19 13:35

【摘要】：为了解我市铸造业的粉尘危害状况,在8家铸造企业选择有代表性的66个采样点,在工人呼吸带高度采集粉尘样品,采用滤膜重量法检测各作业岗位的总粉尘浓度,用焦磷酸法测定游离SiO2含量。对498名粉尘作业工人进行职业健康检查,并选取156名不接触有害作业的科室及后勤人员作为对照组进行对比检查分析。结果显示,66个粉尘点中碾砂、大炉、浇铸和抛丸岗位总粉尘浓度的超标率均为100%,超标较严重的岗位为抛丸、碾砂等,最高超限倍数分别为22.4和18.4。职业健康检查发现接尘组呼吸系统自觉症状中咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、气短等患病率均高于对照组(P0.01或P0.05);接尘组和对照组的肺功能异常情况比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);且随着工龄的增加,粉尘作业工人的肺功能异常率有逐渐加重的趋势,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the dust hazard of foundry industry in our city, 66 representative sampling sites were selected in 8 foundry enterprises. Dust samples were collected at the height of workers' breathing zone, and the total dust concentration of each job was measured by filter membrane gravimetry. The content of free SiO2 was determined by pyrophosphoric acid method. Occupational health examination was carried out in 498 dust exposed workers and 156 departments and logistic personnel who were not exposed to hazardous work were selected as control group for comparative examination and analysis. The results showed that the excess rate of total dust concentration in 66 dust spots was 100 for sand grinding, large furnace, casting and shot blasting, and the highest exceeding limit was 22.4 and 18.4 respectively for the posts with serious exceeding standard such as shot blasting, sand grinding and so on. Occupational health examination found cough, sputum and chest tightness in the dust-exposed group. The prevalence rate of shortness of breath was higher than that of control group (P0.01 or P0.05); there was statistical difference between dust-exposed group and control group (P0.01); and with the increase of working time, the abnormal rate of lung function of workers exposed to dust increased gradually. The difference was statistically significant (P0.01).
【作者单位】：瓦房店市疾病预防控制中心;
【分类号】：R135.2

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