男女大脑结构与功能差异的影像学研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 00:30

本文选题：性别差异 + TBSS　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：男女之间存在的相似点和不同点,一直是人们想关注和研究的热门话题,而且性别差异的研究也是在社会和认知科学领域中的一项持续性的研究方向。现有的很多研究已经表明人们的认知及行为与我们的大脑存在着非常密切的联系。本文运用现代神经影像学的成像技术,来探究男女在大脑结构以及其与功能的联系上可能存在的差别。在本文研究中,我们对71名健康男女被试的弥散张量成像和静息态功能磁共振成像的数据进行分析,先利用TBSS方法分析男女大脑结构在局部区域层面上可能存在的差异,然后运用图论的拓扑属性即主要是Rich Club结构的研究方法分析男女大脑结构在全局区域层面上可能存在的差异,最后在5个功能网络中结合前面的两种结构指标FA和NOS来直接探讨大脑网络的结构与功能的相关联系。TBSS分析方法研究发现:女性不存在比男性FA值高的区域,但是男性存在高FA值区域,主要包括右内侧丘系、胼胝体膝部和胼胝体压部区域。这些区域可能推测出男性在体觉感知和协同运动方面上比女性更具发展优势,并且在半球间的功能协同方面上更具效率。Rich Club结构研究发现:男女都存在着显著的Rich Club结构。而且,在rich club连接上男女不存在显著差异,但女性在feeder连接上高于男性。此外,在小世界属性上,男性的全局效率GE高于女性,并且全局效率GE可能归因于rich club连接和feeder连接的相互作用:与rich club连接成正相关,与feeder连接成负相关。而且,我们发现了男性在协调运动能力和注意力能力上具有固有的优势,但在视觉能力上男女不存在差异。在感知运动网络和注意力网络中,功能连接FC与rich club连接存在相关联系;但在视觉网络中,功能连接FC却与local连接存在相关联系。我们的发现也证明了在大脑解剖结构总存在两性异形,并且这种解剖结构差异可能作为潜在的基底结构形成及约束了男女在行为及认知功能上的不同。结构与功能的联系分析发现:对于FA与FC的相关联系,在注意力网络和视觉网络中出现显著地相关联系,但只出现在女性中,在男性中不存在,而且联系为负性相关,而在感知运动网络、默认网络和额网络中,男女都没有存在FA与功能连接FC之间的相关联系。而对于NOS与FC的相关联系,在5个功能网络中都没有发现NOS与功能连接FC之间存在的显著的相关联系。揭示了女性在注意力和视觉功能上,大脑的白质结构与其存在紧密的联系。
[Abstract]:The similarities and differences between men and women have been a hot topic for attention and research, and the study of gender differences is also a continuous research direction in the field of social and cognitive science. Many existing studies have shown that people's cognition and behavior are closely related to our brains. This paper uses modern neuroimaging imaging techniques to explore the possible differences between men and women in the brain structure and their connection with their functions. In this study, we analyzed the data of diffusion tensor imaging and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 71 healthy men and women. First, the TBSS method was used to analyze the brain junctions of men and women. The possible differences in the regional level are constructed, and then the topological properties of the graph theory, that is mainly the Rich Club structure, are used to analyze the possible differences in the global regional level of the brain structure of men and women. Finally, the structure of the brain network is directly discussed in the 5 functional networks, combined with the previous two structural indexes, FA and NOS. The study of functional related.TBSS analysis found that women did not have a higher level of FA than men, but men had high FA areas, including the right medial, the corpus callosum and the corpus callosum region. And the more efficient.Rich Club structure study in interhemispheric functional synergy found that both men and women have a significant Rich Club structure. Moreover, there is no significant difference between men and women on the rich club connection, but women are higher than men on feeder connections. In addition, the global efficiency of men is higher than that of women in the small world property, and the overall global efficiency of men is higher than that of women. And the global efficiency of the male is higher than that of women. Efficiency GE may be attributed to the interaction of rich club connections and feeder connections: positive correlation with rich club and negative correlation with feeder connections. Moreover, we found that men have inherent advantages in coordinating athletic ability and attention ability, but there is no difference in visual ability between men and women. In perception of sports networks and attention networks In the collaterals, the functional connection between FC and rich club connections exists; but in the visual network, the functional connection FC is associated with the local connection. Our findings also demonstrate that there is a total sexual heteromorphism in the anatomical structure of the brain, and this anatomical structural difference may form and constrain the behavior and the behavior of men and women as the underlying structure. The difference in cognitive function. The analysis of the relationship between structure and function shows that there is a significant correlation between FA and FC in the attention network and the visual network, but only in the female, not in the male and in the negative correlation, while in the perceived sports network, the default network and the forehead network have no men and women. There is a correlation between FA and functional connection FC, and there is no significant correlation between the relationship between NOS and FC in the 5 functional networks. It is revealed that the white matter structure of the brain is closely related to the attention and visual function of the female.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R338

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