非接触性前交叉韧带损伤的危险因素分析

发布时间：2018-03-20 04:06

本文选题：前交叉韧带　切入点：损伤　出处：《青岛大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的：分析非接触性前交叉韧带损伤的外在和内在危险因素,为预防前交叉韧带损伤提供理论依据。资料与方法：回顾性分析解放军401医院2002年3月-2011年12月177例非接触性前交叉韧带损伤病例,分别以损伤时鞋子类型、损伤发生场地、致伤动作、体重质量指数、女性患者受伤时间与月经周期的关系、运动前有无热身活动为指标,研究外在环境因素、生物力学因素、内在因素、神经肌肉因素与非接触性前交叉韧带损伤发病的关系。结果：外在环境因素方面,摩擦系数最大的塑胶场地发生非接触性前交叉韧带损伤最多(101例、占56.9%),其它依次为草地(39例、占22.4%)、沙泥地(21例、占12%)、水泥地(16例、占8.7%)；运动时穿摩擦系数最大的军事作训鞋运动损伤发生最多(125例、占70.6%),其它依次为运动鞋(37例、占20.7%)、布鞋(12例、占6.9%),皮鞋(3例、占1.7%)；生物力学方面,损伤原因中军事训练伤占39.6%,其余依次为篮球37.9%、足球10.3%、排球5.4%、下楼梯3.4%、舞蹈3.4%,在所有致伤动作中屈膝外翻(116例、占65.5%)、跳起落地(30例、占16.9%)、运动急停(21例、占11.9%),暴力扭转(10例、占5.7%)；内在因素方面,体重质量指数超重组发生损伤最多(116例、占65.5%),其余依次为健康组(27例、占15.2%)、(肥胖组24例、占13.5%)、过轻组(10例、占5.8%)。内分泌因素方面女性患者损伤多发生于排卵期前；神经肌肉因素方面,96.5%的患者运动前未行系统的热身准备活动,提示神经肌肉调节对减少非接触性前交叉韧带损伤有重要作用。结论：非接触性前交叉韧带损伤的危险因素包括外在环境因素、内在因素、生物力学因素、神经肌肉因素,其中通过系统训练强化神经肌肉调节能力有助于降低非接触性前交叉韧带损伤的发病,是今后预防非接触性前交叉韧带损伤研究的主要方向。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the external and internal risk factors of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) in order to provide theoretical basis for prevention of ACL injury. Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of 177 cases of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) from March 2002 to December 2011 in 401 Hospital of PLA was performed. The relationship between injury time and menstrual cycle in female patients and warm-up before exercise was studied. The relationship between external environmental factors, biomechanical factors, internal factors, neuromuscular factors and non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury was studied. Results: in terms of external environmental factors, non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury occurred in the plastic site with the largest friction coefficient in 101 cases (56.9%), followed by 39 cases (22.4%) in the grassland, 21 cases (21 cases) in the sand and mud, 12 cases in the sand, and 16 cases in the cement. The number of sports injuries in military training shoes with the largest friction coefficient during exercise was 125 cases, accounting for 70.6%, and 37 cases with sneakers in turn, accounting for 20.710%, 12 cases with cloth shoes and 12 cases with 6. 9% of them, 3 cases with leather shoes and 3 cases with leather shoes, accounted for 1.7%; and in biomechanics, Among the causes of injury, military training injury accounted for 39.6%, followed by basketball 37.9, football 10.3kung, volleyball 5.4am, down stairs 3.4m, dance 3.4cm, among all the injuries, 116 cases (65.5%) were knee bend, 30 cases (16.9%) were jumping to the ground, 21 cases (11.99%) were stopped, 10 cases were torsion of violence. In terms of internal factors, there were 116 cases (65.55%) with excessive body mass index (BMI) injury, and the rest (27 cases) in the healthy group (15.2 cases) (24 cases in the obese group, 13.5 cases in the control group, 10 cases in the light group). The proportion of female patients with endocrine factors occurred before ovulation, and 96. 5% of patients with neuromuscular factors did not perform systematic warm-up activities before exercise. The results suggest that neuromuscular regulation plays an important role in reducing non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury. Conclusion: the risk factors of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury include external environmental factors, internal factors, biomechanical factors and neuromuscular factors. The enhancement of neuromuscular regulation through systematic training is helpful to reduce the incidence of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury and is the main research direction of preventing non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury in the future.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R686.5

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