基于交通事故深度调查分析的颅脑减速伤研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 09:55

本文选题：交通事故 + 深度调查　；参考：《重庆理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：道路交通事故已成为当今世界首位公共卫生问题。在汽车碰撞行人的交通事故中，行人的头部是受伤害最为频繁的部位，并且行人受伤后致残、致死的重要原因是创伤性的颅脑损伤。因此开展汽车碰撞行人的交通事故深度调查分析及行人颅脑减速伤力学分析对降低事故发生及减轻交通事故中行人损伤具有重要的意义。以采集大量真实交通事故案例为基础，通过交通事故现场信息采集、事故现场及事故车辆的回勘、事故人员伤情调查以及现场执法人员提供的相关材料，充分挖掘现场及痕迹物证的基础上，开展深度的数据采集。在大量交通事故案例中选取典型的案例进行颅脑减速损伤仿真再现分析，利用MADYMO多刚体动力学分析软件仿真分析事故发生的过程，并借助美国阿拉斯360事故再现软件对行人颅脑减速伤过程进行宏观快速逼真再现。基于MADYMO输出的行人颅脑减速伤的边界条件；运用THUMS4.0人体有限元颅脑模型对行人头部接触地面时的颅脑减速损伤过程微观分析再现。本课题在原有事故现场采集方法的基础上，创新性的提出了一套重庆道路交通事故快速深度采集方法，能够对事故进行全面、准确、快速的采集，并借助360事故再现软件进行事故过程快速逼真再现。在汽车碰撞行人事故多刚体动力学分析再现中，选取微型面包车、轿车和小型普通客车三种常见车型的行人事故，，输出了行人头部接触地面时的边界条件；随着事发前汽车速度的提高，事发时汽车行人第一次撞击和地面行人二次撞击的严重程度不同；运用THUMS4.0颅脑有限元模型进行损伤再现分析：得到头部接触地面时的应力分布及应力波传播情况，仿真结果与行人伤情相吻合；von-Mises为15kPa左右时，颅脑会出现严重损伤（AIS3+）；颅脑枕部碰撞部位下方的颅骨以及脑组织区域出现应力集中，碰撞的对侧部位也出现应力集中区域；额部减速伤在对侧未发现应力集中区域。本文提出的重庆道路交通事故快速深度采集和事故过程快速再现方法引起重庆市执法部门的高度关注，有望在重庆市交通事故现场处理中推广应用。在事故深度调查的基础上，通过MADYMO多刚体动力学、360事故再现软件和THUMS4.0人体有限元的计算仿真，逼真的再现事故过程和损伤过程，再现分析了汽车行人交通事故的运动学响应和颅脑减速伤的损伤机理，其研究方法和成果为交通事故快速处理、事故再现分析、行人颅脑减速伤的有效防护提供新的解决思路，具有深远的意义。
[Abstract]:Road traffic accidents have become the first public health problem in the world. The pedestrian's head is the most frequently injured part in the traffic accident of the pedestrian, and the pedestrian is disabled after the injury. The main cause of death is traumatic brain injury. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate and analyze the depth of pedestrian traffic accident and the mechanical analysis of pedestrian craniocerebral deceleration injury to reduce the accident and reduce the pedestrian injury in the traffic accident. Based on the collection of a large number of real traffic accident cases, through the traffic accident scene information collection, accident scene and accident vehicle survey, accident personnel injury investigation and related materials provided by law enforcement personnel, On the basis of excavating the scene and trace evidence, the deep data collection is carried out. In a large number of traffic accident cases, the typical cases are selected to simulate and reproduce the craniocerebral deceleration injury, and the process of the accident is simulated and analyzed by using the MADYMO multi-rigid body dynamics analysis software. With the aid of Alas 360 accident reappearance software, the process of pedestrian craniocerebral deceleration was reproduced quickly and realistically. The boundary conditions of pedestrian brain deceleration injury based on MADYMO output were analyzed and reproduced by using THUMS4.0 human finite element craniocerebral model when the pedestrian head touched the ground. On the basis of the original method of collecting the accident scene, this paper puts forward a set of fast and deep collecting method of Chongqing road traffic accident innovatively, which can collect the accident comprehensively, accurately and quickly. And with the help of 360 accident reappearance software, the accident process is reproduced quickly and lifelike. In the multi-rigid-body dynamics analysis and reappearance of pedestrian accidents, the pedestrian accidents of minivan, car and minibus are selected, and the boundary conditions of the pedestrian head contact with the ground are outputted. With the increase of vehicle speed before the accident, the severity of the first impact of pedestrian and the secondary impact of pedestrian on the ground are different. The THUMS4.0 finite element model was used to analyze the injury reappearance: the stress distribution and the propagation of stress wave were obtained when the head touched the ground. The simulation results coincided with the pedestrian injuries when 15kPa was about. The stress concentration in the craniocerebral occipital area and the contralateral part of the collision was also observed, and no stress concentration area was found in the frontal deceleration injury on the contralateral side. The methods proposed in this paper for fast deep collection of road traffic accidents and rapid reappearance of accident process have aroused great concern of law enforcement departments in Chongqing and are expected to be popularized and applied in the field treatment of traffic accidents in Chongqing. Based on the investigation of the depth of the accident, the accident process and the damage process are reproduced realistically by the simulation of the MADYMO multi-rigid body dynamics simulation software and the finite element method of the THUMS4.0 human body. The kinematic response of automobile pedestrian traffic accident and the injury mechanism of craniocerebral deceleration injury are analyzed. The research methods and results provide a new solution for the fast handling of traffic accident, the analysis of accident reappearance, and the effective prevention of pedestrian craniocerebral deceleration injury. Have far-reaching significance.
【学位授予单位】：重庆理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U491.31;R651.15

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