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ECMO减轻失血性休克复苏延迟致兔粘膜屏障损伤的实验研究

发布时间:2018-06-08 04:46

  本文选题:失血性休克复苏延迟 + 动物模型 ; 参考:《第三军医大学》2014年博士论文


【摘要】:研究背景: 失血性休克的复苏延迟会导致严重的全身系统性炎症反应、多脏器功能衰竭,死亡率高。休克诱导的肠粘膜屏障损伤被认为是多脏器功能衰竭的“始动因素”。因此,及早、准确的评估肠粘膜屏障损伤程度具有重要的临床意义。然而,目前还没有相关血清学指标能够准确评估失血性休克复苏延迟导致的肠粘膜屏障损伤。 对于复苏延迟的失血性休克,常规液体复苏效果不佳,且不能有效减轻肠粘膜屏障损伤。体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)作为一种生命支持技术,在过去的四十年里,被用于救治新生儿严重的心、肺功能衰竭,难复性心脏骤停和移植心脏的早期功能衰竭等。对于复苏延迟的失血性休克,在ECMO的支持下能否改善失血性休克的复苏效果从而减轻肠粘膜屏障损伤,,尚需进一步的实验研究。 目的: 构建复苏延迟的失血性休克兔模型,探讨不同严重程度的失血性休克对肠粘膜屏障损伤的影响,以及血清DAO能否反映失血性休克复苏延迟后的肠粘膜屏障损伤程度;比较采用ECMO和常规液体复苏失血性休克的复苏效果,探讨ECMO减轻失血性休克复苏延迟致兔肠粘膜屏障损伤的作用。 方法: 1.复苏延迟的失血性休克兔模型的建立及肠粘膜屏障损伤的评估 实验以新西兰大白兔为实验动物,采用血压控制、放血法,通过使平均动脉压(MAP)达到不同水平的休克血压、维持休克状态180min,再行常规液体复苏。30只新西兰大白兔随机分为三组:对照组、中度休克组(放血至休克血压50-41mmHg)和重度休克组(放血至休克血压40-31mmHg)。实验采用持续有创动脉血压监测仪记录MAP变化,便携式动脉血气分析仪检测乳酸水平的动态变化,ELISA法检测血清TNF-α和肠组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的表达水平,HE染色进行肠粘膜病理损伤Chiu氏评分,以及免疫荧光染色法检测肠组织的紧密连接蛋白(Claudin)-1和细胞间粘附分子(ICAM-1)的表达水平,使用Image-Pro Plus7.0software分析各组的荧光强度。 2. ECMO减轻复苏延迟的失血性休克兔肠粘膜屏障损伤 实验以复苏延迟的失血性休克兔模型中的重度休克组为基础,将30只新西兰大白兔随机分为对照组、常规液体复苏组和ECMO复苏组。另取10只新西兰大白兔放血用于预充体外循环机。采用血压控制性放血,休克维持期的MAP设定在40-31mmHg,维持180min,而后分别采用ECMO和常规液体复苏失血性休克。比较复苏延迟的失血性休克在复苏后的MAP,肠粘膜损伤Chiu氏评分,动脉血乳酸和血清TNF-α含量水平,以及肠组织的MPO、ICAM-1和Claudin-1表达水平。 结果: 1.复苏延迟的失血性休克兔模型。成功采用血压控制性放血法构建了复苏延迟的失血性休克兔模型,休克维持时间为180min,休克维持期的MAP在30mmHg以上。在休克前,对照组、中度休克组和重度休克组的MAP无显著差异。对照组的MAP相对稳定,波动10896mmHg。中度休克组和重度休克组的MAP分别维持在设定的MAP50-41mmHg和40-31mmHg范围内。在休克维持期,重度休克组的MAP为35.8±5.6mmHg,中度休克组的MAP为42.8±4.7mmHg。在采用常规液体复苏失血性休克后,中度休克组的MAP显著低于正常对照组的MAP(70.0±4.8mmHg vs.101.1±3.3mmHg,P0.01)。重度休克组的MAP不仅显著地低于正常对照组的MAP(41.7±5.1mmHg vs.101.1±3.3mmHg,P0.01),而且,显著低于中度休克组的MAP(41.7±5.1mmHg vs.70.0±4.8mmHg, P0.01)。复苏延迟的失血性休克在常规液体复苏后,MAP恢复最差。 2.复苏延迟的失血性休克兔的休克严重程度评估。在休克前,中度休克组和重度休克组的血清TNF-α和乳酸含量水平无显著差异。在休克复苏前和复苏后,相对于中度休克组,重度休克组的血清TNF-α含量水平显著升高(0.319±0.016ng/ml vs.0.215±0.009ng/ml,P0.01;0.626±0.0429ng/ml vs.0.362±0.020ng/ml,P0.01);动脉血乳酸水平显著升高(18.97±1.52mmol/L vs.14.25±0.80mmol/L,P0.01;13.58±1.27mmol/L vs.10.29±1.02mmol/L,P0.01),均具有统计学差异。 3.复苏延迟的失血性休克兔肠粘膜屏障损伤程度的评估。相对于中度休克组,重度休克组的肠粘膜病理损伤Chiu氏评分显著升高(3.5±0.53vs.2.3±0.67, p0.05),肠组织Claudin-1表达水平的免疫荧光强度明显降低(87.39±8.78vs.142.61±10.43,p0.05),ICAM-1表达水平的免疫荧光强度显著升高(297.17±6.15vs.191.34±11.02,p0.05),以及MPO活性水平显著升高(0.911±0.068IU/g vs.0.615±0.047IU/g, P0.01),具有统计学差异。 4.复苏延迟的失血性休克兔血清DAO含量变化。在休克维持期结束时,中度休克组和重度休克组的血清DAO含量水平均高于对照组(0.153±0.020IU/L、0.252±0.026IU/L vs.0.107±0.008IU/L,P0.01);在休克复苏后,中度休克组、重度休克组的血清DAO含量水平也显著高于对照组(0.337±0.037IU/L、0.670±0.085IU/L vs.0.110±0.009IU/L,P0.01),具有统计学差异。进一步比较中度休克组和重度休克组的血清DAO含量水平,结果显示在休克复苏前和复苏后,中度休克组的血清DAO含量水平均低于重度休克组(0.153±0.020IU/L vs.0.252±0.026IU/L,P0.01;0.337±0.037IU/L vs.0.670±0.085IU/L,P0.01)。数据结果统计分析显示休克复苏后的血清DAO含量与血清TNF-α的含量呈正相关关系(R=0.970,P0.01),且与肠损伤Chiu氏评分呈正相关关系(R=0.601,P0.01)。 5.复苏延迟的失血性休克在ECMO支持下的复苏效果。在失血性休克前和失血性休克复苏前,常规液体复苏组和ECMO复苏组的MAP、动脉血乳酸含量水平和血清TNF-α含量水平均无统计学差异。在休克复苏后,相对常规液体复苏组,ECMO复苏组的休克复苏后MAP显著升高(63.3±5.6mmHg vs.42.0±5.1mmHg,P0.05),动脉血乳酸含量水平显著降低(10.53±0.85mmol/L vs.13.63±1.22mmol/L,P0.05)和血清TNF-α含量水平也显著降低(0.584±0.045ng/ml vs.0.622±0.047ng/ml,P0.05)。 6.ECMO对失血性休克复苏延迟兔肠粘膜屏障损伤的作用。相对于常规液体复苏组,ECMO复苏组的肠粘膜病理损伤Chiu氏评分显著降低(2.0±0.67vs.3.6±0.52,p0.01),肠组织的MPO活性水平明显降低(0.922±0.064IU/g vs.0.685±0.067IU/g,P0.01),Claudin-1表达水平的免疫荧光强度明显升高(149.07±8.30vs.97.62±9.80,P0.05),而ICAM-1表达水平的免疫荧光强度显著降低(160.04±9.56vs.236.72±14.12,P0.05)。 结论: 1.成功构建了失血性休克持续3小时的失血性休克复苏延迟兔模型,采用血压控制性放血构建模型的方法可靠高,重复性好。我们的体会是休克维持期的MAP应维持在30mmHg以上。 2.复苏延迟的失血性休克兔产生了严重的全身性系统炎症反应和肠粘膜屏障损伤。无论在中度休克组、还是在重度休克组,在常规液体复苏后,血清TNF-α含量水平和动脉血乳酸含量水平均显著升高,肠粘膜病理损伤均明显加重,肠组织Claudin-1表达水平显著降低,而肠组织MPO活性水平和ICMA-1表达水平均显著升高。与此同时,在两个不同休克血压(50-41mmHg和40-31mmHg)水平,失血性休克维持期MAP越低,休克严重程度和白细胞组织浸润程度越重,全身系统性炎症程度和肠粘膜屏障损伤程度越严重。 3.血清DAO能够反映复苏延迟的失血性休克兔肠粘膜屏障损伤程度,同时可以反映失血性休克的严重程度。血清DAO含量水平在中度休克组和重度休克组均有显著升高,重度休克组的血清DAO含量水平显著高于中度休克组;数据相关性统计分析显示血清DAO和Chiu氏评分、TNF-α均呈正相关关系。 4.对于复苏延迟失血性休克兔,在ECMO支持下的休克复苏效果优于常规液体复苏。在ECMO支持下的失血性休克复苏,MAP显著升高,动脉血乳酸含量水平显著降低,血清TNF-α水平也显著降低。ECMO复苏改善了组织灌注,降低了全身系统性炎症反应。 5.对于复苏延迟的失血性休克兔,ECMO支持下的休克复苏明显减轻了肠粘膜屏障损伤。相对于常规液体复苏组,ECMO复苏后的肠粘膜病理损伤程度显著降低,肠组织的Claudin-1表达水平显著升高,ICAM-1表达水平和MPO活性水平均显著降低。 6. ECMO减轻失血性休克复苏延迟致兔肠粘膜屏障损伤的可能机制是在ECMO支持下的休克复苏,改善了组织灌注和氧供、降低了全身系统性炎症反应,从而减轻了肠粘膜组织的白细胞浸润损伤。
[Abstract]:Background of Study :

The delayed resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock can lead to severe systemic inflammatory reaction , multi - organ failure , and high mortality . Shock - induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage is considered as the " starting factor " of multi - organ failure . Therefore , it is important to assess the degree of intestinal mucosal barrier damage early and accurately . However , there is no relevant serological index to accurately assess the intestinal mucosal barrier damage caused by hemorrhagic shock resuscitation delay .

In the past 40 years , ECMO has been used as a kind of life support technique . In the past 40 years , it has been used to treat neonatal severe heart , lung function failure , refractory heart arrest and early functional failure of transplanted heart .

Purpose :

To establish a model of hemorrhagic shock rabbits with delayed resuscitation delay , to investigate the effects of different severity of hemorrhagic shock on intestinal mucosal barrier injury , and whether serum DAO could reflect the degree of intestinal mucosal barrier injury after hemorrhagic shock resuscitation .
To investigate the effect of ECMO on the recovery of hemorrhagic shock induced by ECMO and conventional liquid resuscitation ( ECMO ) in rabbits .

Method :

1 . establishment of resuscitation delayed hemorrhagic shock rabbit model and assessment of intestinal mucosal barrier damage

Thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups : control group , moderate shock group ( bleeding to shock blood pressure 50 - 41 mmHg ) and severe shock group ( bleeding to shock blood pressure 40 - 31mmHg ) .

2 . ECMO alleviated delayed resuscitation delayed hemorrhagic shock rabbit intestinal mucosal barrier injury

In this study , 30 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control group , normal liquid resuscitation group and ECMO resuscitation group .

Results :

MAP of moderate shock group was 35.8 卤 5.6 mmHg and MAP of moderate shock group was 42.8 卤 4.7 mmHg . MAP of moderate shock group was significantly lower than that of normal control group ( 71.0 卤 4.8 mmHg vs . 101.1 卤 3.3 mmHg , P0.01 ) . MAP of the severe shock group was not only significantly lower than that of the normal control group ( 41.7 卤 5.1 mmHg vs . 101.1 卤 3.3 mmHg , P0.01 ) , but also significantly lower than that in the moderate shock group ( 41.7 卤 5.1 mmHg vs . 70.0 卤 4.8 mmHg , P0.01 ) . After resuscitation with delayed resuscitation , MAP recovered worst after conventional liquid resuscitation .

2 . The shock severity of hemorrhagic shock rabbits with delayed resuscitation was assessed . There was no significant difference in serum TNF - 伪 and lactate levels in moderate shock group and severe shock group before and after shock . Compared with moderate shock group , the levels of serum TNF - 伪 in severe shock group were significantly higher than those in moderate shock group ( 0.319 卤 0.016ng / ml vs . 0.215 卤 0.009ng / ml , P0.01 ) .
0.626卤0.0429ng/ml vs.0.362卤0.020ng/ml,P0.01)锛

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