北京市城市社区精神分裂症患者及家庭对社会资源知晓和利用情况及其影响因素调查分析

发布时间：2017-12-28 08:06

本文关键词：北京市城市社区精神分裂症患者及家庭对社会资源知晓和利用情况及其影响因素调查分析　出处：《中国全科医学》2016年20期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的调查北京市城市社区精神分裂症患者及家庭对社会资源的知晓和利用情况,分析患者和家庭对社会资源知晓及利用的影响因素。方法于2016年1—3月,采用简单随机抽样法,在北京市6个城区各选择1家社区卫生服务中心,采用随机数字表法选择在社区卫生服务中心建档并长期管理的精神分裂症患者的照顾者及参与患者管理的全科医生作为调查对象。由全科医生采用自行设计的《社会资源知晓及利用情况调查表》对精神分裂症患者的照顾者进行调查,共发放问卷111份,有效回收107份,有效回收率为96.4%。制定访谈提纲,就精神分裂症患者及家庭社会资源知晓和利用的影响因素对全科医生进行访谈,时间为30~40 min。结果精神分裂症患者的照顾者对社会资源知晓率及利用率较高的为"患者可接受免费精神药品治疗""患者作为精神类残疾可办理残疾证""患者可在社区卫生服务中心(站)接受健康体检(1次/年)""患者作为残疾人可免费乘坐公共交通工具及游览景点""北京市居民最低生活保障"等。精神分裂症患者的照顾者对社会资源知晓率及利用率较低的为"患者可获得北京市城市特困人员供养""患者子女可申请北京市独生子女伤残家庭特别扶持政策""患者家庭中的子女在受教育过程中得到减免学杂费或获得补助""患者可入住北京市残疾人社会福利机构",以及康复、劳动就业各方面。影响照顾者对社会资源知晓及利用的资源因素主要有资源宣传不足、工作人员未进行相关培训、资源支持力度不足,患者及家庭因素主要有不符合申请条件、照顾者无时间及精力寻找资源、病耻感。结论由于社会、社区、家庭各方面的影响,精神分裂症患者及家庭对多数社会资源的知晓和利用率较低。提高精神分裂症患者及家庭对社会资源的知晓及利用,应从社会、社区和家庭3个层面展开。充分发挥社会导向作用,完善保障机制,广泛宣传,倡导社会舆论关注和关爱精神分裂症患者及家庭;社区需配合舆论宣传,落实政策,简化申请手续,完善相关服务,提高服务质量;患者及家庭应提高文化素养,用积极的心态面对疾病。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the awareness and utilization of social resources in schizophrenic patients and families in urban communities of Beijing, and analyze the influencing factors of the awareness and utilization of social resources by patients and families. Methods from 2016 1 to March, using simple random sampling method in 6 districts of Beijing city the 1 community health service centers, randomly selected patients with schizophrenia care in community health service centers and long-term management of the spirit and participate in the management of patients with GP as investigation object. A total of 111 questionnaires were sent to the caregivers of schizophrenics by the general practitioner's self designed questionnaire on the utilization and utilization of social resources. The total number of questionnaires was 107, and the effective recovery rate was 96.4%. An interview outline was made to interview the general practitioner with a time of 30~40 min on the factors affecting the awareness and use of schizophrenia and family social resources. The results of patients with schizophrenia caregivers of social awareness and resource utilization rate is higher for patients receiving free drug treatment "spirit" as patients with mental disability can apply for disability certificate "" patients in the community health service center (station) to accept the health examination (1 times / year) "as" disabled patients free use of public transport and tourist attraction "" Beijing residents minimumliving "etc.. Patients with schizophrenia caregivers of social resources awareness rate and lower utilization rate for patients can obtain Beijing city support for destitute persons "" with children can apply for Beijing city child disability family special support policy "with children in the education process to get tuition relief or grants" patients can stay in Beijing the disabled social welfare institutions, and rehabilitation and employment aspects. The resource factors affecting caregiver awareness and utilization of social resources are the main resources of the lack of publicity, the staff did not conduct training resources, lack of support, patient and family factors are not eligible for the conditions, take care of no time and energy to find resources, disease shame. Conclusion the awareness and utilization of most social resources by schizophrenic patients and families is low due to the influence of social, community and family. To improve the awareness and utilization of social resources by schizophrenic patients and families, it should be carried out from 3 aspects of society, community and family. Give full play to the guiding role of the society, improving the safeguard mechanism, extensive publicity, advocate social media attention and care for patients with schizophrenia and their families; community need to cooperate with the propaganda of public opinion, the implementation of policies, simplify the application procedures, improve service, improve the service quality; patients and families should improve the cultural quality, with a positive attitude to face the disease.
【作者单位】：首都医科大学全科医学与继续教育学院;
【基金】：北京市社会科学基金项目一般项目(12SHB011) 首都全科医学研究专项(15QK24)
【分类号】：R749.3
【正文快照】： 精神分裂症是一种病因未明且反复发作的严重致残性精神障碍,以基本个性改变,思维、情感、行为分裂,情感与意志活动逐渐衰退,精神活动与环境的不协调为主要特征,具有高致残率、高复发率和疾病负担重的特点[1]。山东省2004年调查结果显示,精神分裂症患者“中等以上残疾”率为92.

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