不同时程吗啡依赖对中脑多巴胺能神经细胞的影响
发布时间:2018-05-25 09:03
本文选题:吗啡依赖 + 黑质(SN) ; 参考:《河北医科大学》2013年硕士论文
【摘要】:目的:吗啡依赖是指以失去控制能力、强迫性连续用药为特征的慢性复发性脑疾病,不仅对成瘾者身心健康造成严重的损害,而且对社会造成严重的不良影响,已经成为社会普遍关注的焦点问题。目前,国内外对吗啡依赖的研究主要限于机能及功能代谢方面,病理形态学方面的研究尚不够详细。大量研究表明中脑多巴胺能神经系统几乎参与了所有依赖性药物的奖赏效应,被认为是奖赏效应的最后通路。因此中脑多巴胺能神经系统是药物成瘾最关键的脑区之一。 目前的研究表明吗啡对全身各系统存在不同程度的损害,其对心、肺的病理损害,加上吗啡对中枢神经系统的直接作用以及对呼吸中枢的抑制等,可引起大脑急、慢性缺血缺氧,进而引起神经细胞、神经纤维发生相应的病理性改变。但病理形态学方面的研究未见详细报道,因此本研究采用多巴胺能神经细胞特异性标记物酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH),进行免疫组织化学染色,从病理形态学角度系统观察不同时程吗啡依赖对中脑黑质(Substantia nigra, SN)及腹侧被盖区(ventral tegmental area,VTA)多巴胺能神经细胞的影响。实验结果发现,较长时程吗啡依赖大鼠SN及VTA多巴胺能神经细胞数目明显减少,为了探明不同时程吗啡依赖导致多巴胺能神经细胞的减少是由于吗啡的神经毒性引发了细胞的变性坏死还是引发了凋亡,本实验先后从整体水平和细胞水平两个层面进行了研究。首先通过建立不同时程吗啡依赖大鼠模型,观察不同时程吗啡依赖对中脑SN及VTA多巴胺能神经细胞的影响,之后采用多巴胺能性的MN9D细胞系,从细胞水平系统观察了不同时程吗啡刺激对多巴胺能神经细胞的影响,为进一步探索与形态改变相关联的功能性变化打下基础。 方法: 1本实验采用Wistar大鼠,体重为(300±20)g的健康雌性大鼠48只,分为空白对照组2周组、吗啡依赖2周组,空白对照组4周组、吗啡依赖4周组,,空白对照组6周组和吗啡依赖6周组。吗啡依赖3组大鼠按逐日递增原则,背部皮下注射盐酸吗啡,每天二次(8:00,20:00),连续5天。剂量分别为10mg·Kg~(-1),20mg·Kg~(-1),30mg·Kg~(-1),40mg·Kg~(-1),50mg·kg-1。每次注射前均用75%酒精严格消毒,一次性注射器注射。5天后确认吗啡依赖形成后,吗啡依赖2周组、4周组、6周组分别给予30mg·Kg~(-1)盐酸吗啡背部皮下注射,一天两次(8:00,20:00),分别连续注射至2周、4周、6周,建立三个不同时段的吗啡依赖大鼠模型。空白对照2周组、4周组、6周组分别注射等剂量的生理盐水,分别连续注射至2周、4周、6周。模型建立后,脑组织按照脑立体定位图谱标准部位切取后经脱水、透明、包埋、连续切片,免疫组织化学及免疫荧光染色观察SN及VTA多巴胺能神经细胞TH的表达情况;Fluoro-Jade B染色以及原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测吗啡依赖不同时程中脑多巴胺能神经细胞变性坏死及凋亡情况。 2采用多巴胺能性的MN9D细胞系,利用免疫荧光对MN9D细胞系上的、、三种阿片受体进行检测。吗啡作用48h、24h、12h后,Fluoro-JadeB染色观察不同时程吗啡刺激对多巴胺能性MN9D细胞的影响。 利用SPSS16.0统计软件进行数据统计,所有数据均用均数±标准差表示,采用两个独立样本t检验,P0.05为有显著性差异。 结果: 1.免疫组化结果显示较长时程吗啡依赖TH阳性细胞体积减小,细胞胞浆着色加深,TH阳性细胞数目减少,与正常对照组比有显著性差异。 2. Fluoro-Jade B染色结果显示较长时程吗啡依赖SN及VTA多巴胺能神经细胞发生了变性坏死。 3.原位末端标记法(TUNEL)结果显示未见明显凋亡细胞。 4.细胞Fluoro-Jade B染色结果显示较长时程吗啡刺激后MN9D细胞发生了变性坏死。 结论: 较长时程吗啡依赖SN及VTA多巴胺能神经细胞明显减少,其减少主要是由于长期的吗啡刺激所产生的神经毒性作用导致多巴胺能神经细胞发生了变性坏死引起的。
[Abstract]:Objective: morphine dependence is a chronic recurrent brain disease characterized by loss of control and compulsive continuous medication. It not only causes serious damage to the physical and mental health of the addicts, but also has serious adverse effects on society. It has become a focus of attention in the society. At present, the study of morphine dependence at home and abroad is limited to the main limit. A large number of studies have shown that the mesencephalon dopaminergic nervous system is almost involved in the reward effect of all dependent drugs and is considered to be the final pathway of the reward effect. Therefore, the mesencephalic dopaminergic system is one of the most critical brain areas for drug addiction.
The present study shows that morphine has different degrees of damage to the systemic system, the pathological damage to the heart, the lung, the direct effect of morphine on the central nervous system and the inhibition of the respiratory center, which can cause acute and chronic ischemic anoxia in the brain, and then cause the neuropathic and pathological changes of the nerve fibers, but the pathology of the nerve fibers. The morphological study was not reported in detail. Therefore, the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a dopaminergic neuron specific marker, was used for immunohistochemical staining. From the pathomorphological point of view, Cheng Mafei dependent on the mesencephalic substantia nigra (Substantia nigra, SN) and the ventral tegmental area (VE). The effects of ntral tegmental area, VTA) on dopaminergic neurons. Experimental results showed that the number of neurons of SN and VTA dopaminergic neurons in long term morphine dependent rats decreased significantly, and the decrease of dopaminergic neurons caused by morphine dependence in different periods was due to the neurotoxicity of endorphins that caused degeneration and necrosis of the cells. Apoptosis was initiated, and the experiment was carried out from two levels of overall level and cell level. First, the effects of different time history morphine dependence on SN and VTA dopaminergic neurons of the middle brain were observed by different time history morphine dependent rats. Then the dopaminergic MN9D cell line was observed from the cell level system. The effects of morphine stimulation at different time intervals on dopaminergic neurons are the basis for further exploration of functional changes associated with morphological changes.
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