高功能孤独症幼儿空间工作记忆的组块加工缺陷

发布时间：2018-09-06 12:48

【摘要】：孤独症谱系障碍者存在空间工作记忆加工缺陷,其具体受损环节尚不明确。组块是一种有效的策略性信息编码方式,是空间工作记忆的关键环节。高度结构化的刺激容易形成高水平组块,因此,刺激结构化程度对记忆效果的影响能够反映个体的组块加工能力。研究采用Sternberg空间工作记忆任务、Corsi空间广度任务,加入刺激结构化因素,考察高功能孤独症幼儿是否存在组块加工缺陷,并探讨组块加工是否直接影响到空间工作记忆容量。实验1采用Sternberg空间工作记忆任务,结果表明,ASD幼儿存在明显的组块加工缺陷。在易于组块的高结构化条件下,健康幼儿的记忆成绩明显较高,而ASD幼儿在高、低结构化条件下的记忆成绩并无显著差异。实验2采用Corsi空间广度任务,结果显示,不论高、低结构化条件,ASD幼儿的空间工作记忆容量均显著低于健康幼儿。但ASD幼儿由于存在组块加工缺陷,在高、低结构化条件下的记忆成绩差异较健康幼儿小。因此,ASD幼儿的组块能力一定程度上影响了空间工作记忆容量。此外,记忆存储器的异常可能也是ASD幼儿空间工作记忆容量不足的重要原因。研究表明,ASD幼儿的空间组块缺陷主要由于弱中央统合的认知风格,他们缺乏自上而下的组块加工动机,难以主动对刺激形成高水平组块编码,从而影响记忆效果。
[Abstract]:Autism spectrum disorders exist spatial working memory processing defects, the specific damage is unclear. Block formation is an effective strategic information coding method and a key link of spatial working memory. Highly structured stimuli tend to form high-level blocks, so the effects of stimulus structuralization on memory effects can reflect the ability of individuals to process chunks. In this study, Sternberg spatial working memory task and Corsi spatial span task were used to investigate whether there were block processing defects in children with high function autism and whether block processing directly affected spatial working memory capacity. In experiment 1, Sternberg spatial working memory task was used. The results showed that there were obvious block processing defects in children with Sternberg. The memory scores of healthy children were significantly higher than those of ASD children under the condition of high and low structuralization of easy to form blocks, but there was no significant difference in the memory scores of healthy children under the condition of high and low structuralization. Experiment 2 adopted the spatial span task of Corsi. The results showed that the spatial working memory capacity of children with high and low structural conditions was significantly lower than that of healthy children. However, the difference of memory performance of ASD children was smaller than that of healthy children under the condition of high and low structure because of the defect of block processing. Therefore, the block forming ability of ASD children affects the spatial working memory capacity to some extent. In addition, the abnormal memory may also be an important reason for the lack of spatial working memory capacity in ASD children. The results show that the spatial block defects of ASD children are mainly due to the weak central integration of cognitive style, they lack of top-down block processing motivation, it is difficult to actively form high-level block coding to stimulate, thus affecting the memory effect.
【作者单位】：辽宁师范大学心理学院;大连市中山区春雨幼儿园;
【基金】：辽宁省特聘教授基金辽宁省人文社科重点研究基地项目辽宁省儿童青少年健康人格评定与培养协同创新中心资助项目支持
【分类号】：R749.94

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