述情障碍者对不同类型信息的情绪自动加工特征

发布时间：2018-10-29 15:24

【摘要】：述情障碍（alexithymia）的概念最早是由Sifnoes等人于1972年提出的，主要用于指称精神病性患者的一类临床症状的表现，即：难以识别情绪；难以在躯体感觉和情绪之间做出区分；难以向他人描述情感；想象活动或白日梦减少；外向性的思维方式，缺乏对内心世界的关注，拘泥于外界事物的细枝末节(Taylor Bagby, 2000)。从本质上，述情障碍既是一种多维的人格结构，又是许多精神障碍共同拥有的一种风险因素，使个体易于罹患心身疾病、神经症、药物滥用、PTSD等病症，并降低其临床疗效。故逐渐受到来自精神病学和心理学等领域研究者的广泛关注。由于述情障碍在各类人群中都有相当比例的存在，因此有研究者将它的临床表现看作是我们的时代人格的一个组成部分。当前的国内外研究已经从言语、非言语、脑影像学、记忆、stroop效应等方面证实了述情障碍者在情绪加工上的障碍。Olivier Lumineta（2006）和他的同事通过使用情绪启动范式来检验述情障碍可能扰乱情感信息的自动加工。具体来说，情感启动效应会根据被试述情障碍的得分变小，反应出在情感信息自动加工上的全面的缺陷。在实验中OlivierLumineta通过分别使用词语和面孔作为启动刺激，对词语的效价进行判断，发现述情障碍在生气面孔的启动中有显著的慢化作用，证明了述情障碍者在情绪信息自动加工上的缺陷。根据这个研究，我国学者蚁金瑶（2007）使用积极、消极和中性图片为材料，使用阈上和阈下的情绪启动范式研究高述情障碍者的情绪启动效应特征，发现在阈下启动任务中，述情障碍组与非述情障碍组在正确率和平均反应时上均无显著性差异；在阈上启动任务中，述情障碍组的平均反应时显著长于非述情障碍组。也就是说在无意识水平，述情障碍者对情绪刺激的自动加工不存在缺陷，而对意识到的情绪刺激的自动加工存在明显缺陷。本研究主要通过高低述情障碍者对不同类型的情绪信息的自动加工上的差异，来研究高述情障碍者与非述情障碍者相比在自动加工上的缺陷及其特点。本研究分为三个实验，，实验一主要研究高、低述情障碍组被试在言语（词语）信息的情绪自动加工的特征；实验而主要研究高、低述情障碍组被试在非言语（图片）信息的情绪自动加工的特征；实验三主要研究高、低述情障碍组被试在面孔表情信息的情绪自动加工的特征。结果发现： 1、述情障碍者对言语、非言语和面孔信息的情绪的识别存在全面的缺陷； 2、述情障碍者对言语信息的情绪自动加工存在完全的缺陷，而当启动项类型为图片和面孔时，存在一定的情绪自动加工能力； 3、不同目标项类型的情绪信息识别困难不一样。图片信息的情绪识别困难要高于词语和面孔，由难到易依次是图片、面孔、词语； 4、启动效应的出现与启动项和目标项的效价决定，而与类型无关。
[Abstract]:The concept of alexithymia (alexithymia) was first put forward by Sifnoes et al in 1972. It is mainly used to refer to the manifestation of clinical symptoms of psychotic patients, that is, it is difficult to distinguish emotion, to distinguish between somatosensory and emotional, and to distinguish between body sensation and emotion. It is difficult to describe emotions to others; imaginative activities or daydreams are reduced; extroverted ways of thinking, lack of attention to the inner world, stuck to the details of external things (Taylor Bagby, 2000). In essence, alexithymia is not only a multidimensional personality structure, but also a risk factor shared by many mental disorders, which makes individuals prone to psychosomatic diseases, neurosis, drug abuse, PTSD and other diseases, and reduces its clinical efficacy. As a result, researchers from psychiatry and psychology have paid more and more attention to it. Alexithymia exists in a large proportion of people, so some researchers regard it as a part of personality in our time. Current domestic and foreign studies have been conducted from verbal, non-verbal, brain imaging, memory, Stroop effect and other aspects confirmed that alexithymia disorder. Olivier Lumineta (2006) and his colleagues used emotional priming paradigm to test alexithymia may disrupt the automatic processing of emotional information. Specifically, the affective priming effect decreases according to the subjects' alexithymia score, reflecting the overall defects in the automatic processing of emotional information. In the experiment, OlivierLumineta judged the potency of words by using words and faces as priming stimuli, and found that alexithymia had a significant moderating effect on the initiation of angry faces. It proves the defect of alexithymia in automatic processing of emotional information. According to this study, the Chinese scholar Ant Jinyao (2007) used positive, negative and neutral images as materials, using the emotional priming paradigm of subthreshold and suprathreshold to study the characteristics of emotional priming effect in the patients with hyperbolic disorder, and found that in the subthreshold priming task, There was no significant difference in correct rate and average reaction time between alexithymia group and non-alexithymia group. The mean response time of alexithymia group was significantly longer than that of non alexithymia group. That is to say at the unconscious level there is no defect in automatic processing of emotional stimulation in alexithymia but obvious defect in automatic processing of conscious emotional stimulation. This study mainly through the high and low alexithymia to different types of emotional information automatic processing differences, to study the high level of emotional disorders compared with non-alexithymia in automatic processing defects and characteristics. This study is divided into three experiments. Experiment one mainly studies the characteristics of emotion automatic processing of speech (word) information in the high and low alexithymia group; The characteristics of emotion automatic processing of non-verbal (picture) information in the subjects with high and low alexithymia and the characteristics of emotion automatic processing in the face expression information of the subjects with high and low alexithymia were studied in experiment three. The results are as follows: 1. The recognition of speech, non-verbal and facial information in alexithymic patients has a comprehensive defect; (2) the emotional automatic processing of speech information in alexithymia is completely defective, and when the type of primer is picture and face, there is a certain ability of automatic processing of emotion; 3. It is difficult to identify emotion information with different target items. The difficulty of emotion recognition of picture information is higher than that of words and faces, from difficulty to easy is picture, face, word; 4, the emergence of priming effect is determined by the titer of priming item and target item, but independent of type.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R749.99

【共引文献】