中山市戒毒者盐酸美沙酮维持治疗现状及其需求的调查分析

发布时间：2018-10-29 16:32

【摘要】：目的:为提升盐酸美沙酮用于戒毒者维持治疗的效果提供参考。方法:对中山市两家医院药物维持治疗门诊接受盐酸美沙酮维持治疗的戒毒者的治疗现状及其需求进行问卷调查,并就调查数据进行统计和分析。结果:共发放问卷101份,回收有效问卷88份,有效回收率为87.13%。64.77%的受访者在最近1年里除了使用盐酸美沙酮外,还滥用过1种或者多种药物(毒品);其中,滥用频率最高的是海洛因,为31.31%,其次是去痛片、安定、冰毒、曲马多等。72.73%的受访者表示完全能够按照要求坚持盐酸美沙酮维持治疗。受访者盐酸美沙酮用量比较分散,平均用量为75.80 m L/次,分布在71~80 m L/次之间比例较高(占26.14%)。受访者的家庭支持平均得分为(6.22±1.88)分,社会支持平均得分为(32.73±6.94)分。受访者中经济状况一般、较差、非常差的比例分别为52.27%、22.73%、14.77%。受访者前5位的需求是消除社会歧视需求(38.64%)、就业需求(35.23%)、心理情绪支援需求(35.23%)、协助减少盐酸美沙酮用量需求(32.95%)和协助减少复吸需求(28.41%)。结论:接受盐酸美沙酮维持治疗的戒毒者以男性和中青年占大多数,相对经济状况较差,得到的家庭关怀和社会支持不理想,绝大部分完全或基本能够坚持盐酸美沙酮维持治疗,但其中多数仍存在滥用其他药物(毒品)的情况,且其有多方面需求。故有必要通过社工介入服务的模式来衔接"生物-心理-社会"的医学治疗模式,进行全方位干预,以更好地满足其相关需求,提升其盐酸美沙酮维持治疗的效果。
[Abstract]:Objective: to improve the efficacy of methadone hydrochloride in the maintenance treatment of drug addicts. Methods: a questionnaire survey was conducted on the drug maintenance outpatient who received methadone hydrochloride maintenance treatment in two hospitals in Zhongshan City. Results: a total of 101 questionnaires were sent out and 88 valid questionnaires were collected. The effective recovery rate was 87.13.64.77% of the respondents had abused one or more drugs (drugs) in addition to methadone hydrochloride in the past year. The highest frequency of abuse was heroin (31.31), followed by pain removing tablets, diazepam, meth, tramadol, etc. 72.73% of the respondents said they could maintain methadone hydrochloride as required. The amount of methadone hydrochloride was dispersed, the average dosage was 75.80 mL / time, the proportion of methadone hydrochloride was higher (26.14%) in the range of 71 ~ 80 mL / time. The average score of family support and social support were (6.22 卤1.88) and (32.73 卤6.94) respectively. The average, poor and very poor economic status of the interviewees were 52.27% and 22.73%, 14.77% respectively. The top five needs of interviewees were social discrimination (38.64%), employment (35.23%), psychological support (35.23%). To help reduce the demand for methadone hydrochloride (32.95%) and to reduce the demand for relapse (28.41%). Conclusion: the majority of drug addicts receiving methadone hydrochloride maintenance therapy are male and young people, and the relative economic status is poor, and the family care and social support are not ideal. Most of them are able to maintain methadone hydrochloride treatment completely or basically, but most of them still have other drugs (drugs) abuse, and there are many needs. Therefore, it is necessary to link up the medical treatment mode of "biological, psychological and social" through the mode of social worker intervention service, so as to better meet its related needs and improve the efficacy of methadone hydrochloride maintenance therapy.
【作者单位】：中山市第二人民医院南区分院药物维持治疗门诊;中山市北达博雅社会工作服务中心;
【分类号】：R749.64

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