海洛因戒除者的执行功能：药物相关线索与负性情绪线索启动的影响

发布时间：2018-11-24 08:03

【摘要】：双重加工模型认为,药物依赖者的行为是冲动性系统和控制系统共同作用的结果。现有的药物依赖研究几乎均是在单一的维度上割裂地考察这两个系统,根据其结果难以全面理解药物依赖行为的认知机制,不利于戒除治疗实践的开展,也阻碍了双重加工模型自身的发展。鉴于海洛因依赖行为的典型性及其长期戒除的高难度性,本研究以海洛因戒除者为对象,采用线索暴露与执行功能经典实验任务相结合的研究思路,分别考察戒除者在暴露于海洛因相关线索和负性情绪线索条件下执行功能的动态变化特性。本研究对于综合分析冲动性系统和控制系统在药物滥用及复吸行为中的相对作用及其内在联系,构建全面理解药物滥用及复吸行为的整合性理论模型具有重要的理论意义。同时,也为评估现有预防药物依赖及复吸行为措施的有效性,发展更具针对性的戒除治疗方案,推动毒瘾戒除实践和临床心理矫治及预防工作的有效开展具有实践指导意义。本研究通过六个实验,系统考察了在海洛因相关线索与负性情绪线索启动条件下,海洛因戒除者的抑制、转换和刷新等三个方面的执行功能的动态变化特征,研究得到以下主要结论： (1)海洛因相关线索启动削弱了海洛因戒除者反应抑制和冲突抑制功能的发挥效力,且对一般认知能力也有影响； (2)海洛因相关线索启动使得海洛因戒除者在不同任务间转换时所付出的代价更大,说明该类线索启动削弱了戒除者任务转换能力的有效发挥； (3)海洛因相关线索启动加剧了海洛因戒除者工作记忆刷新能力的缺损； (4)负性情绪线索启动破坏了海洛因戒除者的反应抑制和冲突抑制功能； (5)负性情绪线索启动削弱了海洛因戒除者任务转换能力的发挥效力； (6)负性情绪线索启动加剧了海洛因戒除者工作记忆刷新能力的缺损。
[Abstract]:The dual processing model suggests that the behavior of drug addicts is the result of the interaction of impulsive and control systems. Most of the existing drug dependence studies examine these two systems in a single dimension. According to the results, it is difficult to fully understand the cognitive mechanism of drug dependence behavior, which is not conducive to the development of the practice of abstinence treatment. It also hinders the development of dual processing model itself. In view of the typical behavior of heroin dependence and the high difficulty of long-term abstinence, this study takes heroin abstinence as the object, and combines the clue exposure with the classical experimental task of performing function. The dynamic characteristics of executive function of abstinents exposed to heroin related cues and negative emotional cues were investigated. This study is of great theoretical significance for comprehensive analysis of the relative role of impulsive systems and control systems in drug abuse and relapse behavior and their internal relations, and for the establishment of an integrated theoretical model for the comprehensive understanding of drug abuse and relapse behaviors. At the same time, it is of practical significance to evaluate the effectiveness of existing preventive drug dependence and relapse behavior measures, to develop more targeted abstinence treatment programs, and to promote the practice of drug addiction withdrawal, clinical psychological correction and prevention. Through six experiments, the dynamic characteristics of executive functions of heroin abstinents in three aspects, namely inhibition, conversion and refresh, were systematically investigated under the conditions of heroin related cues and negative emotional cues. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the activation of heroin related clues weakens the effectiveness of response inhibition and conflict inhibition in heroin abstinents, and also has an effect on general cognitive ability; (2) the initiation of heroin related clues makes heroin abstinents pay more cost when switching between different tasks, which indicates that the initiation of heroin cues weakens the effective exertion of abstinence's ability to change tasks; (3) the activation of heroin related clues aggravated the defect of working memory refresh ability of heroin abstinents, (4) negative emotional cues damaged the reaction inhibition and conflict inhibition function of heroin abstinents. (5) the activation of negative emotional cues weakens the ability of task switching of heroin abstinents, and (6) the activation of negative emotional cues exacerbates the impairment of working memory refresh ability of heroin abstinents.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B842.6;R749.64

【参考文献】