整合牙颌模型三维重构及其应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 04:37

本文选题：隐形矫治　切入点：种植技术　出处：《河北科技大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：3D打印技术在口腔医学领域获得了广泛应用,以隐形矫治和种植导板数字化设计为代表的3D打印与口腔医学融合的技术研究逐渐成为热点。但是,目前隐形矫治过程中使用的牙颌模型多是以牙冠模型为研究对象,未纳入牙根和颌骨,这种不完善的矫治方法可能会导致牙根不平行、牙根外露等隐患的产生,影响正畸效果;同时,种植导板的数字化设计也依赖于包含牙根及颌骨的整合数字模型的重构。包含牙根及颌骨的整合数字模型重构技术已成为口腔医学数字化技术所要解决的关键技术之一。本文采用CT技术与逆向工程等技术对包含牙根及颌骨的整合数字模型重构技术进行了研究,并将其应用于隐形矫治及数字化种植导板设计方面,提高了其设计准确性。首先,本文总结了牙颌模型的数据采集方法,探讨了牙根、颌骨与牙冠不同的三维数据获取方式:利用CT采集牙根模型及颌骨数据,通过光学扫描获取牙冠数据。其次,分别研究了牙根、颌骨和牙冠三维模型的重建方法和配准技术。利用Mimics软件,通过调节图像的窗宽窗位以及阈值分割,利用最大方差阈值方法,重建牙根及颌骨的三维模型;在Geomagic软件的支持下,应用特征点拼接及全局自动配准技术相结合的方法,使牙冠模型、牙根模型及颌骨模型进行了最佳拟合,实现三维整合牙颌的建立。然后,在隐形矫治方面,利用对象移动器及三角面片修补技术使三维整合牙颌模型实现单颗牙齿的分割移动,通过单颗牙齿在三维空间移动变换的原理,应用软件实现了虚拟排牙设计。最后,在种植方面,利用3shape公司的种植系统,选定种植体的大小并将种植体在CT数据全方位的显示情况下移动到合适的位置,确定种植体的方位;选取结合面,利用加厚等功能形成包含种植信息的种植导板。根据种植体的大小以及配件之间相互配合的公差等信息,对导板配件进行了设计。通过三维整合牙颌模型重建技术的研究,实现了包含牙根和颌骨信息的隐形矫治,为避免矫正过程中可能出现的牙根外露、牙根不平行等情况的发生,提供了解决的方法;同时,成功的设计出含有种植体位置、方向、深度等信息的种植导板,为种植手术提高了简单、准确的定位方法,为以后的临床试验奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:3D printing technology has been widely used in the field of stomatology. The technology of 3D printing and stomatology fusion, represented by the digital design of stealthy orthodontics and implant guide plate, has gradually become a hot spot. At present, most of the dental and maxillary models used in the process of invisible orthodontic treatment are based on the crown model, which is not included in the root and jaw bone. This imperfect orthodontic method may lead to the root unparallelism, root exposure and other hidden dangers, which will affect the orthodontic effect. At the same time, The digital design of implant guide also depends on the reconstruction of integrated digital model including root and jaw. The technology of integrated digital model reconstruction including dental root and jaw has become the key technology of digital technology in stomatology. In this paper, CT and reverse engineering techniques were used to study the reconstruction technology of integrated digital model including tooth root and jaw. It is applied to the design of stealthy orthodontics and digital implant guide plate, which improves the accuracy of the design. Firstly, this paper summarizes the data acquisition method of dental and maxillary model, and discusses the root of tooth. Different 3D data acquisition methods between jaw and crown: root model and jaw data were collected by CT, and crown data were obtained by optical scanning. The reconstruction method and registration technique of the three-dimensional model of jaw and crown. The 3D model of root and jaw is reconstructed by adjusting the window width and window position and threshold segmentation of the image by using Mimics software, using the method of maximum variance threshold, and with the support of Geomagic software, the reconstruction of the three-dimensional model of the tooth root and jaw bone is carried out with the support of the Geomagic software. With the combination of feature point splicing and global automatic registration, the crown model, root model and jaw model are fitted to realize the establishment of three-dimensional integrated dentistry. Using object moving device and triangulation patch technology to realize the segmentation and movement of a single tooth in a three-dimensional integrated dental model, the virtual tooth arrangement design is realized by using software through the principle of moving and transforming a single tooth in three dimensional space. In terms of planting, using 3shape's implant system, the size of the implant is selected and the implant is moved to the appropriate position under the condition of full display of CT data, and the orientation of the implant is determined, and the joint surface is selected. According to the information of implant size and the tolerance of fitting, the guide fitting is designed. The reconstruction technology of three-dimensional integrated dental and maxillary model is studied. The invisible orthodontics containing root and jaw information is realized, which can avoid the occurrence of root exudation and tooth root unparallelism in the process of correction, at the same time, the position and direction of implants are successfully designed. The implant guide board with depth and other information improves the simple and accurate positioning method for implant operation and lays a foundation for clinical trials in the future.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP391.73;R783

【参考文献】