五轴联动义齿加工中心研制及性能分析

发布时间：2018-03-21 12:25

本文选题：五轴联动义齿加工中心　切入点：结构设计　出处：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在义齿加工领域,我国多采用传统义齿加工方式或国外先进的数字化义齿加工方式实现义齿加工。采用传统义齿加工方式,加工时间长且对技工技术水平要求较高,而采用国外先进的数字化义齿加工方式虽然能够达到较好的加工效果,但是价格昂贵。我国口腔疾病患者众多,自主研制高性能的数字化义齿加工系统,提高加工效率,降低加工成本,对满足国内口腔患者需求具有重要意义。在此背景下,合肥工业大学CIMS研究所研制了一款数字化的五轴联动义齿加工中心,并对其加工性能展开深入研究。基于此,本文主要研究内容如下:(1)五轴联动义齿加工中心结构设计。本文分析了义齿加工中心的功能需求,对比分析了三种满足功能要求的义齿加工中心构型方案,从结构、运动、控制、成本等角度对三种构型方案进行综合评定,确定了义齿加工中心的最终方案。在义齿加工中心详细设计阶段,完成了标准件的选型与关键零部件的设计。利用三维建模软件建立了五轴联动义齿加工中心的详细模型,并制作了实体样机。基于旋量理论,提出了一种应用于五轴联动义齿加工中心的运动学建模方法。(2)五轴联动义齿加工中心模态分析与优化。提出了一种应用于义齿加工中心的工程分析方法,该方法通过仿真分析与模态试验的对比分析,获得了整机试验模态参数与较为准确的计算模型。综合考虑模态分析结果和实际工作状况,初步识别出整机结构的薄弱环节,并提出相应优化方案。结构优化使整机固有频率有效避开设备加工频率,达到改善其动态性能的目的。(3)五轴联动义齿加工中心控制系统设计与性能分析。通过对多种开放式数控系统方案的分析,构建了基于PC+运动控制器的分离式硬件结构平台,并基于Visual Studio开发环境开发了五轴联动义齿加工中心的控制系统软件,实现了设备智能化、数字化加工功能。在此基础上,基于PID+陷波伺服控制算法对设备的伺服控制系统进行参数整定,提升了控制系统的静动态性能。(4)义齿加工试验。本文研究了数字化义齿获取方法,选用适于设备动态性能的主轴转速对具有复杂形貌的磨牙冠、桥牙进行实际加工,并使用三维形貌仪与经验检测法对义齿加工效果进行综合评定,结果表明本文研制的五轴联动义齿加工中心基本达到了预期的加工效果。本文研制的五轴联动义齿加工中心已加工出近百颗义齿,成功应用于口腔患者,反应良好。设备并于2016年在第21届中国国际口腔设备材料展览会暨技术交流会参展,获得广泛关注。
[Abstract]:In the field of denture processing, our country mostly adopts the traditional denture processing method or the foreign advanced digital denture processing method to realize the denture processing, adopting the traditional denture processing method, the processing time is long and the technical level of the craftsman is high. Although the advanced digital denture processing method in foreign countries can achieve good processing effect, but the price is expensive. There are many patients with oral diseases in our country, so we can independently develop a high performance digital denture processing system to improve the processing efficiency. It is of great significance to reduce the processing cost to meet the needs of domestic dental patients. In this context, the CIMS Institute of Hefei University of Technology has developed a digital five-axis denture machining center. Based on this, the main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) the structure design of the five-axis linkage denture machining center. The functional requirements of the denture machining center are analyzed in this paper. In this paper, three kinds of denture machining center configuration schemes which meet the functional requirements are compared and analyzed. The three configuration schemes are comprehensively evaluated from the aspects of structure, movement, control, cost and so on. The final scheme of the denture machining center is determined. In the detailed design stage of the denture machining center, the selection of the standard parts and the design of the key parts are completed. The detailed model of the five-axis linkage denture machining center is established by using the three-dimensional modeling software. Based on spinor theory, a solid prototype is made. This paper presents a kinematics modeling method applied to the machining center of five-axis linkage denture. The modal analysis and optimization of the machining center of five-axis linkage denture are presented, and an engineering analysis method applied to the machining center of denture is put forward. By comparing the simulation analysis with the modal test, the modal parameters of the whole machine test and the more accurate calculation model are obtained. Considering the results of the modal analysis and the actual working conditions, the weak links of the whole machine structure are preliminarily identified. The corresponding optimization scheme is put forward. Structural optimization makes the natural frequency of the whole machine avoid the machining frequency of the equipment effectively. In order to improve its dynamic performance, the control system design and performance analysis of five-axis linkage denture machining center are achieved. Through the analysis of various open CNC system schemes, a separate hardware structure platform based on PC motion controller is constructed. Based on the Visual Studio development environment, the control system software of the five-axis linkage denture machining center is developed, which realizes the intelligent and digital machining function of the equipment. Based on the PID notch servo control algorithm, the parameters of the servo control system of the equipment are adjusted to improve the static and dynamic performance of the control system. The spindle speed suitable for the dynamic performance of the equipment was selected to process the crown and bridge teeth with complex morphology, and the machining effect of denture was evaluated synthetically by using 3D topography instrument and experiential testing method. The results show that the five-axis denture machining center developed in this paper has basically achieved the expected processing effect. Nearly 100 dentures have been processed by the five-axis combined denture processing center, which has been successfully applied to patients with oral cavity. The equipment received extensive attention at the 21st China International Stomatological equipment Exhibition and Technical Conference on 2016.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R783.6

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