激光立体成形多孔钛的生物学性能的研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 19:19

本文选题：多孔钛 + 激光立体成形　；参考：《第四军医大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前临床所使用的钛种植体的弹性模量普遍高于人体骨组织，植入人体后承受载荷时可产生应力屏蔽引起种植体周围骨吸收、萎缩。降低种植体的弹性模量有利于将种植体承受的咬合力均匀传递到骨组织中，消除应力屏蔽作用,对提高种植体的长期成功率具有重要意义。本研究采用激光立体成形方法对纯钛粉进行加工，制备出了多孔钛材料，期望该材料的力学性能与人体骨组织相接近，增强种植体与骨组织的结合，并通过相关实验对其进行生物学性能评价，为该材料的临床应用提供必要的理论依据和实验基础。方法： 1、按照相关行业标准和中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T16886《医疗器械生物学评价》中规定的一系列检测方法和要求，进行了体外细胞毒性试验（GB/T16886.5-2003）、口腔黏膜刺激试验（YY/T0127.13-2009;GB/T16886.10-2005）、短期全身毒性试验(GB/T16886.11-2011)和溶血试验（YY/T0127.1-1993; GB/T16886.4-2003），对激光立体成形多孔钛的生物安全性进行评价。 2、用组织块培养法对SD大鼠仔鼠成骨细胞进行原代培养，选取第三代细胞接种于多孔钛材料表面进行体外细胞培养，设表面经喷砂粗化处理的致密钛材料为对照组。通过MTT法、SEM观察等方法对新生SD大鼠成骨细胞在实验材料表面的生长和功能表达情况进行评价，检测内容包括成骨细胞的贴附、增殖、ALP活性表达以及细胞形态的观察。 3、将多孔钛种植体植入兔股骨，设表面经喷砂粗化处理的致密钛种植体为对照组。种植术后4周和8周时分两批处死实验动物，通过肉眼观察、X线观察、SEM观察、VG染色对种植体周围骨组织的愈合、种植体-骨界面的结合以及新生骨组织在微孔内的生长情况进行评价。结果： 1、激光立体成形多孔钛材料无细胞毒性，对口腔黏膜无刺激性，无短期全身毒性，无溶血作用，显示了良好的生物安全性。 2、成骨细胞在多孔钛材料表面生长状态良好，与致密钛材料相比其粗糙多孔的表面更有利于成骨细胞的早期贴附、增殖以及ALP活性表达。 3、多孔钛种植体在活体动物实验中表现出良好的生物相容性，种植体周围骨组织愈合良好，，种植体-骨界面形成骨结合，新生骨组织可以长入并充满微孔。结论：激光立体成形多孔钛材料的弹性模量和人体骨组织非常接近，具有良好的力学相容性。经过一系列实验检测，该材料显示出优良的生物安全性及生物相容性，结果同时显示多孔钛材料可以促进骨组织的生长愈合，新生骨组织可以长入并充满孔隙。
[Abstract]:At present, the elastic modulus of titanium implants used in clinic is generally higher than that of human bone tissue. Reducing the elastic modulus of implants is conducive to the uniform transfer of bite force to the bone tissue and the elimination of stress shielding. It is of great significance to improve the long-term success rate of implants. In this study, the pure titanium powder was processed by laser stereoscopic forming, and the porous titanium material was prepared. The mechanical properties of the material were expected to be similar to that of human bone tissue, and the bonding between implant and bone tissue was enhanced. The biological performance was evaluated by related experiments. To provide the necessary theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical application of the material. Methods: 1. According to the relevant industry standards and the national standard GBT16886 of the people's Republic of China, a series of testing methods and requirements were provided. In vitro cytotoxicity test GB / T 16886.5-2003, oral mucosal irritation test YY / T0127.13-2009 GB / T 16886.10-2005, short-term systemic toxicity test GB / T 16886.11-2011) and hemolysis test YY / T 0127.1-1993and GB / T 16886.4-2003 were used to evaluate the biological safety of porous titanium by laser stereoscopic molding. 2. Tissue culture method was used to evaluate the biosafety of porous titanium in SD rats. Rat osteoblasts were cultured in primary culture. The third generation of cells were inoculated on the porous titanium surface for cell culture in vitro, and the dense titanium materials which were treated by sand blasting and coarsening were used as the control group. The growth and functional expression of neonatal SD rat osteoblasts on the surface of experimental materials were evaluated by MTT assay and SEM observation, including the attachment of osteoblasts. 3The porous titanium implants were implanted into the femur of rabbits, and the dense titanium implants on the surface were used as the control group. At 4 and 8 weeks after implantation, the experimental animals were killed in two batches, and the healing of bone tissue around the implant was observed by observing the bone tissue around the implant with VG staining. The combination of implant-bone interface and the growth of new bone tissue in the micropore were evaluated. Results: 1. Laser stereoscopic porous titanium material had no cytotoxicity, no irritation to oral mucosa, no short-term systemic toxicity and no hemolytic effect. The results showed that the osteoblasts grew well on the surface of porous titanium, and the rough and porous surface of osteoblasts was more favorable to the early attachment of osteoblasts than that of dense titanium. Proliferation and ALP activity expression. 3. The porous titanium implants showed good biocompatibility in vivo animal experiments. The bone tissue around the implants healed well and the implant-bone interface formed bone bonding. Conclusion: the elastic modulus of laser stereoscopic forming porous titanium material is very close to that of human bone tissue and has good mechanical compatibility. After a series of experiments, the material showed excellent biological safety and biocompatibility. The results also showed that porous titanium material could promote the growth and healing of bone tissue, and the new bone tissue could grow into and be filled with pores.
【学位授予单位】：第四军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R783.6

【参考文献】