颌面部感染的病原菌及耐药性

发布时间：2018-06-27 12:06

  本文选题：颌面部感染 + 病原菌　； 参考：《中国感染控制杂志》2017年11期

【摘要】：目的了解颌面部感染患者病原菌分布及其药物敏感性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法收集2012年1月—2016年12月某医院口腔颌面部感染患者标本进行病原菌培养,对病原菌进行鉴定和药敏检测,分析病原菌分布及耐药性。结果882例颌面部感染患者中男性占32.20%,女性占67.80%;年龄为~40岁、~60岁组的患者较多,分别占35.38%和32.65%;共分离病原菌145株,革兰阴性菌88株,占60.69%,以肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌为主;革兰阳性菌56株,占38.62%,以金黄色葡萄球菌为主。肺炎克雷伯菌对检测的16种药物的耐药率均50%,对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率最低,均为3.45%,11株为产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)阳性菌株;铜绿假单胞菌对检测的10种药物耐药率均40%。金黄色葡萄球菌对替加环素、利奈唑胺、万古霉素均敏感,对青霉素的耐药率最高(66.67%),对苯唑西林的耐药率为20.83%。结论口腔颌面部感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,不同病原菌耐药性差别较大,在临床治疗时,应根据药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the distribution of pathogens and drug sensitivity in patients with maxillofacial infection and to provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents. Methods from January 2012 to December 2016, samples from patients with oral and maxillofacial infection in a hospital were collected for pathogen culture, pathogen identification and drug sensitivity detection, and distribution and drug resistance of pathogens were analyzed. Results among the 882 patients with maxillofacial infection, 32.20 were male, 67.80 were female, and 35.38% and 32.65% were in the age group of 40 years old and 60 years old, 145 strains were isolated, 88 strains were Gram-negative bacteria, and 60.69% were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, and the main ones were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gram-positive bacteria 56 strains (38.62%), mainly Staphylococcus aureus. The resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to 16 drugs tested were 50 and those to imipenem and meropenem were the lowest, which were 3.455.11 strains producing extended-spectrum 尾 -lactamases (ESBLs), and the resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 10 kinds of drugs were 40.5%. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to tegacycline, linazolamine and vancomycin. The resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin was the highest (66.67%), and the resistance rate to oxacillin was 20.83%. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens of oral and maxillofacial infection, and the drug resistance of different pathogens varies greatly. In clinical treatment, antibiotics should be used reasonably according to the results of drug sensitivity.
【作者单位】： 云南省第二人民医院/云南大学第一医院;
【基金】：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2013Y285)
【分类号】：R782.3
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本文编号：2073867