表面不同粗化处理对纯钛种植体疲劳强度的影响

发布时间：2018-07-03 06:51

本文选题：纯钛种植体 + 喷砂　；参考：《河北医科大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:人工种植体被广泛应用于修复缺失牙,很好地恢复了缺失牙患者的美观及咀嚼功能,近年来被广泛应用。钛金属因具有良好的生物学性能和耐腐蚀性,是目前理想的人工种植体材料。种植体的表面形貌对种植体的骨结合率影响巨大。研究表明,种植体的表面粗化处理可以增大种植体与骨的接触面积,增加两者的机械嵌和能力,使应力分布更为均匀,进而有效缩短种植体与骨结合的时间,有效提高种植体的成活率。种植体表面粗化处理技术包括喷砂酸蚀法、微弧氧化法、阳极氧化法、碱热处理法、激光处理法等,其中又以喷砂-酸蚀法较为成熟且应用广泛,可使种植体获得理想的表面形貌。口腔种植体在工程学的角度看来是一种具有特殊结构的工程部件,其正常使用需满足足够的强度、刚度及疲劳性能。通常情况下,种植体能否承受口腔内的咀嚼应力是由其强度和刚度决定的,而种植体的使用期限长短则由其疲劳性能决定。因此,成功的种植体必须具备优良的疲劳性能。本文参照试验标准ISO14801:2007对比研究了未经表面粗化处理的种植体和经喷砂-60℃酸蚀表面处理后的种植体的表面形貌、表面相对元素含量及其疲劳强度,以此来分析喷砂-60℃酸蚀的表面处理方法对纯钛种植体疲劳强度的影响,并期望为更优生物性能和机械性能的种植体设计提供支持依据。方法:1试件设计与制作1.1试件设计:组合式纯钛基台种植体26枚,包括纯钛内连接式植入体,配套中央螺栓、基台及金属刚帽1.2试件制作:植入体直径4.0mm,总长度为14.5mm;螺纹区:长度11mm,顶角60°,高度0.40mm,螺距0.8mm;基台长度5mm;六方内径1.5mm;金属刚帽:外径6.5mm,内径4.6mm,高度6.5mm。将全部试件超声清洗20分钟后,常温下干燥待用,清洗试剂分别为丙酮、75%乙醇及蒸馏水;实验分组:A组、B组,每组13枚试件A组(对照组):表面不做任何处理,粗糙度Ra:1.6μm;具体分为:A_(静态):即静态破坏载荷1枚;A_1:即初载荷A350N,共3枚;A_2:为低于A1的峰值载荷A_(325N),共3枚;A_3:为低于A1的峰值载荷A_(300N),共3枚;A_4:即最大耐受载荷A_(275N),共3枚;B组(喷TiO_2砂-60℃酸蚀组):喷砂机在喷砂气压0.2MPa下将粒径为80目的TiO_2砂粒均匀喷涂7s到种植体螺纹区表面;60℃水浴下将配置好的浓度为18%的HCl与49%的H2SO4混合酸酸蚀40min;具体分为:B_(静态):即静态破坏载荷1枚;B_1:即初载荷B_(450N),共3枚;B_2:为低于B1的峰值载荷B_(425N),共3枚;B_3:为低于B1的峰值载荷B_(400N),共3枚;B_4:即最大耐受载荷B375N,共3枚;3扫描电镜(SEM)观察及表面相对元素含量分析扫描电镜(SEM)观察A、B两组纯钛种植体的表面形貌,并用X射线能谱分析仪(EDX)分析其表面相对元素含量。4种植体疲劳强度试验两组试件用树脂夹具固定,夹具顶端距种植体螺纹顶端3mm,保持试件与万能试验机的垂直加载长轴呈30°,加载中心为种植体上的金属帽,其位于种植体中心长轴上;在25℃的室内恒温下对种植体进行侧向加载,载荷为单向,呈正弦曲线变化,速率为1mm/min,频率为15Hz,循环次数为5×10~6;初载荷(A1B1)为相同试验条件下测得的静态破坏载荷(A静态B静态)的80%,随后逐渐减小载荷,并记录不同载荷下的试验数据,直至载荷达到下限值(最大耐受载荷),共进行4种载荷的试验,每种载荷下测试3个试件,其中最大耐受载荷下,连续3个试件完成5×10~6次循环未发生变形或破坏。每次试验完成后,均应肉眼观察金属帽与加载装置表面,确认其是否发生永久变形,如有变形,则需更换变形部位并重新试验。记录试验数据,并画出载荷循环图。2实验分组及种植体表面粗化处理结果:1扫描电镜观察种植体表面形貌1.1低倍镜下(×35)A组:表面光滑较平整;B组:表面较粗糙,螺纹的沟部及斜面均匀无杂质,螺纹嵴部可见点状或条索状的凹陷或浅沟。1.2高倍镜下(×2000、×5000、×8000)A组:表面可见方向一致的浅沟纹状结构,偶见点状凹陷;B组:表面可见大量大小不一的窝洞,直径范围3~32μm,一级窝洞内还可以见到不规则形状的二级窝洞,直径2~6μm,边缘较圆钝,层次较清晰。2表面能谱元素分析A、B两组种植体表面Ti元素的含量均大于99.50%。3两组纯钛种植体疲劳试验结果(见附表12,13,及附图17,18)A组:最大耐受载荷A_4,即疲劳强度,为275N,此载荷下3枚试件均完成5×10~6次循环负载未发生变形或破坏;静态破坏载荷为439N;初载荷A_1:为静态破坏载荷的80%,350N;A_2:325N;A_3:300N;B组:最大耐受载荷B_4,即疲劳强度,为375N,此载荷下3枚试件均完成5×10~6次循环负载未发生变形或破坏;静态破坏载荷为573N;初载荷B_1:为静态破坏载荷的80%,450N;B_2:425N;B_3:400N;结论:1经喷TiO_2砂-60℃酸洗处理的纯钛种植体与表面未经粗化处理的种植体的疲劳强度均在口腔咬合力的范围内,均满足临床应用要求。2经喷TiO_2砂-60℃酸洗处理的纯钛种植体的疲劳强度优于未经粗化处理的纯钛种植体。3科学的表面喷TiO_2砂-酸洗处理的设计不仅使纯钛种植体获得理想的表面形貌,提高了种植体的骨结合能力,而且能提高纯钛种植体的疲劳强度。
[Abstract]:Objective: artificial implant is widely used in the restoration of missing teeth, and it has been widely used in recent years to restore the beauty and masticatory function of the missing teeth. Titanium metal is the ideal artificial implant material because of its good biological properties and corrosion resistance. The surface morphology of the implant has a great influence on the bone binding rate of the implant. The study shows that the surface coarsening of the implant can increase the contact area of the implant and bone, increase the mechanical inlay and ability of the two, make the stress distribution more uniform, and effectively shorten the time of the combination of the implant with the bone, and effectively improve the survival rate of the implants. The surface coarsening of the implant includes sand erosion and micro arc oxygen. The method, anodic oxidation, alkali heat treatment, laser treatment and so on, which are more mature and widely used with sand blasting and acid etching, can make the implant obtain ideal surface morphology. The oral implant is an engineering component with special structure at the angle of engineering. Its normal use needs sufficient strength, stiffness and fatigue. Performance. Generally, whether the implant is able to bear the masticatory stress in the mouth is determined by its strength and stiffness, and the length of the implant is determined by its fatigue performance. Therefore, the successful implants must have excellent fatigue properties. In this paper, a comparison of the test standard ISO14801:2007 has been made to study the uncoarsened treatment. The surface morphology, the surface relative element content and the fatigue strength of the implants and the surface relative elements of the implants treated with -60 C etching surface were analyzed in order to analyze the effect of the surface treatment method on the fatigue strength of pure titanium implants at -60 C etching, and to provide support for the design of better biological and mechanical implants. Method: 1 design and production of 1.1 specimen design: a combination of 26 pure titanium base implants, including pure titanium implant, supporting central bolt, base platform and metal cap 1.2 test parts: the diameter of the implant is 4.0mm, the total length is 14.5mm; the length 11mm, the top angle 60 degrees, the height 0.40mm, the pitch 0.8mm; the base length 5mm; the six square internal diameter 1.5 Mm; metal rigid cap: outer diameter 6.5mm, internal diameter 4.6mm, high 6.5mm. after ultrasonic cleaning 20 minutes after ultrasonic cleaning, dry at normal temperature, cleaning reagents are acetone, 75% ethanol and distilled water respectively. Experimental groups: A group, B group, each group of 13 specimens A group (control group): the surface does not do any treatment, roughness Ra:1.6 u m; A_ (static): static breaking: static breaking: static breaking: that is static break: that is static breaking The bad load is 1; A_1: is the initial load A350N, a total of 3; A_2: is lower than A1's peak load A_ (325N), a total of 3; A_3: is lower than A1's peak load A_ (300N), a total of 3; A_4: is the maximum tolerance load A_, a total of 3. The surface of the implant threaded area; a mixed acid etching 40min of 18% HCl and 49% H2SO4 under 60 centigrade water bath; B_ (static): static damage load 1; B_1: is B_ (450N), a total of 3; B_2: is a peak load of lower than B1 B_ (425N), a total of 3. Load B375N, total 3, 3 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation and surface relative element content analysis scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the surface morphology of A, B two groups of pure titanium implants, and X ray energy spectrum analyzer (EDX) analysis of the surface relative element content.4 implant fatigue strength test, test two groups of specimens with resin fixture fixed, fixture tip from implant snail At the top of the grain 3mm, the vertical loading axis of the test piece and the universal testing machine is 30 degrees, and the loading center is the metal cap on the implant. It is located on the long axis of the implant center. At the constant temperature of 25 degrees, the load is laterally loaded, the load is one-way, the rate is 1mm/min, the frequency is 15Hz, and the cycle number is 5 * 10~6; The load (A1B1) is 80% of the static failure load (static static B static of A) measured under the same test conditions. Then the load is gradually reduced and the test data under different loads are recorded until the load reaches the lower limit (maximum tolerance load). A total of 4 load tests are carried out, and 3 specimens are tested under each load, of which the maximum tolerance load is 3 consecutive. After completion of the 5 x 10~6 cycle, the specimen should be observed to the surface of the metal cap and loading device by the naked eye to confirm whether it has permanent deformation. If there is a deformation, the deformation site should be replaced and retested. The test data are recorded, and the load cycle diagram.2 experiment group and the surface coarsening treatment of the implant are drawn. Results: 1 the surface morphology of implant surface was observed by scanning electron microscope (1.1) A group (x 35): the surface was smooth and smooth. Group B: the surface was relatively rough, the groove part and the oblique surface of the thread were uniform without impurities, and the thread crest could be found in the A group under the.1.2 high magnification (x 2000, X 5000, X 8000) in the crest or shallow groove (x 2000, X 5000, X 8000). In group B, there are a large number of holes in the surface of B, the diameter of the hole is 3~32 mu m, the irregular shape of the hole can be seen in the first class cave, the diameter 2~6 mu m, the edge more circular and blunt, the clear.2 surface energy spectrum element analysis A, the content of the Ti element on the surface of the B two implants is larger than that of the 99.50%.3 two group of pure titanium implants. The results of the test (see table 12,13, and appendix 17,18) A: the maximum tolerance load A_4, that is, the fatigue strength, is 275N, and the 3 specimens under this load have finished 5 x 10~6 sub cycle load without deformation or damage; the static failure load is 439N; the initial load A_1: is 80%, 350N; A_2:325N; A_3:300N; B group: maximum tolerance load, that is, fatigue. The strength of the strain was 375N, and the 3 specimens under this load had not been deformed or destroyed by the 5 x 10~6 cyclic load; the static failure load was 573N; the initial load B_1: was 80% of the static failure load, 450N; B_2:425N; B_3:400N; conclusion: 1 the fatigue strength of the pure titanium implants treated with the pure titanium implant and the untreated implants treated by the -60 centigrade acid washing of TiO_2 sand. In the range of oral bite force, the fatigue strength of pure titanium implants treated with.2 TiO_2 sand -60 centigrade acid washing is better than that of pure titanium implants without coarsening. The scientific surface spray TiO_2 sand and acid washing treatment of.3 not not only makes the pure titanium implants get the rational surface morphology, but also improves the bone knot of the implant. Combining ability, and can improve the fatigue strength of pure titanium implant.
【学位授予单位】：河北医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R783.6

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