大庆地区大学新生口腔健康状况调查与评价

发布时间：2018-07-16 20:49

【摘要】：口腔健康是全身健康的重要组成部分，口腔健康行为是决定口腔健康的重要因素，注重口腔的清洁卫生，培养良好的口腔健康行为有利于终生保持口腔健康。儿童和青少年时期是口腔疾病的高发期，大学新生作为青少年人群中的主体，尽早发现他们的不良口腔健康行为和口腔疾病的影响因素，并及时实施相关干预，对预防口腔疾病、改善该人群的口腔健康状况有重要意义。研究目的：通过对大庆地区大学新生的口腔健康行为、口腔健康知识和保健意识以及口腔常见病的调查，掌握该人群的口腔健康状况，分析龋病的影响因素，为更好的开展大学生口腔健康教育和健康促进提供科学依据。研究方法：采用方便抽样的方法，，抽取大庆地区大学新生400人作为调查对象。编制《大学新生口腔健康行为及相关知识调查问卷》，采用现场自填的方式对研究对象进行问卷调查。编制《大学生口腔健康状况评价表》，对研究对象的口腔健康状况进行检查评价。数据采用Epidata3.1录入，结果采用SPSS20.0进行统计分析。研究结果：大学新生获取口腔健康知识的途径最多的是通过家人的告知（24.3%），最少的是通过学校的教育宣传（3.0%）。50.0%以上的学生知道龋病的病因、治疗方法和牙石的清洁方法，但是仅有10.5%的学生知道牙龈出血的原因。53.5%的学生表示对口腔保健知识非常感兴趣，68.0%的学生有积极的就医态度，但是仅有12.5%的学生定期进行口腔检查，没有定期检查的原因最主要的是认为没有必要。大多数学生会选择到口腔专科医院就医（58.5%），学校医务室选择的最少（1.3%）。 70.0%的学生每天刷牙二次或以上，30.5%的学生每次刷牙三分钟或以上，74.3%的学生使用横竖交替法刷牙，13.8%的学生使用含氟牙膏，74.0%的学生使用软毛牙刷，85.0%的学生在三个月或以内更换牙刷。44.5%的学生有餐后漱口习惯，10.3%的学生经常使用牙线，14.8%的学生经常使用牙签，13.8%的学生经常使用漱口水。20.0%的学生吸烟，62.8%的学生经常吃零食，41.8%的学生有睡前进食的习惯，51.5%的学生经常使用单侧咀嚼，25.8%的学生经常用牙齿咬硬物。结果显示，龋病患病率为46.5%，龋均为1.21。牙龈出血检出率为61.5%，菌斑检出率为80.3%，软垢检出率为61.0%，牙石检出率为44.5%。颞下颌关节紊乱检出率为32.0%，智齿阻生检出率为33.5%；错颌畸形检出率为38.0%。通过单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析，性别、刷牙次数、吃零食、睡前进食、菌斑、软垢六个因素对龋病患病率有影响。研究结论：大庆地区大学新生的口腔健康知识仍不全面，口腔预防保健意识比较薄弱，口腔健康行为欠佳。大庆地区大学新生的口腔健康状况不容乐观，口腔问题检出率较高。性别、刷牙次数、经常吃零食、睡前进食、菌斑、软垢是龋病的影响因素。
[Abstract]:Oral health is an important part of whole body health. Oral health behavior is an important factor to determine oral health. Childhood and adolescence are the high incidence of oral diseases. College freshmen, as the main body of adolescents, find out their bad oral health behavior and the influencing factors of oral diseases as soon as possible, and carry out relevant intervention in time. It is of great significance to prevent oral diseases and improve oral health of this population. Objective: to investigate the oral health behavior, oral health knowledge and health awareness of freshmen in Daqing University, and to understand the oral health status and analyze the influencing factors of dental caries. To better carry out oral health education and health promotion for college students to provide scientific basis. Methods: 400 freshmen in Daqing University were selected by convenient sampling method. The questionnaire of oral health behavior and related knowledge of freshmen was compiled and investigated by self-filling. To make the evaluation table of oral health status of college students, and to check and evaluate the oral health status of the subjects. The data were recorded by Epidata 3.1 and the results were analyzed by SPSS 20.0. The results showed that the most important way for freshmen to acquire oral health knowledge was through their family members (24.3%), and the least through school education (3.0%) .50.0% students knew the cause of caries, the method of treatment and the method of cleaning dental stone. However, only 10.5% of the students knew the cause of gingival bleeding. 53.5% of the students said they were very interested in oral health care knowledge. 68.0% of the students had a positive attitude to seeking medical treatment, but only 12.5% of the students had regular oral examinations. The main reason for not checking regularly is that it is not necessary. Most students choose to go to oral hospital (58.5%), and the school infirmary choose the least (1.3%). 70.0% students brush their teeth twice a day or more. 30.5% students brush their teeth for three minutes or more each time. 74.3% of the students use alternately brushing teeth for three minutes or more. 74.0% of students use toothbrushes containing fluoride. 85.0% of students use toothbrushes with soft hair. 85.0% of students change toothbrushes within 3 months or less. 44.5% have after-meal mouthwash habits. 10.3% students often use floss and 14.8% students often use toothpicks 13.8%. Students often use mouthwash .20.0% students smoke 62.8% students often eat snacks 41.8% students have the habit of eating before bedtime 51.5% students often use unilateral chewing and 25.8% students often use teeth to bite hard objects. The results showed that the prevalence of caries was 46.5 and the average caries was 1.21. The detectable rate of gingival hemorrhage was 61.5%, the detection rate of plaque was 80.3%, the detection rate of soft dirt was 61.0%, the detection rate of dental stone was 44.55.The detection rate of gingival hemorrhage was 61.5%. The detection rate of temporomandibular joint disorder was 32.0%, that of wisdom tooth impaction was 33.5%, that of malocclusion was 38.0%. By univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis, sex, times of brushing teeth, snacking, eating food before bedtime, plaque and soft dirt had influence on the prevalence of caries. Conclusion: the oral health knowledge of freshmen in Daqing University is still not comprehensive, oral preventive health awareness is relatively weak, oral health behavior is poor. The oral health status of freshmen in Daqing area is not optimistic and the detection rate of oral problems is high. Sex, times of brushing teeth, regular snacks, eating before bed, plaque and soft dirt are the influencing factors of caries.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R780.1

【参考文献】