超声磨削对氧化锆表面性能及树脂粘接强度的影响
发布时间：2018-08-22 20:50
【摘要】：随着人们对口腔修复体的美观和安全性要求日益提高,全瓷材料愈受欢迎,CAD/CAM加工氧化锆陶瓷的应用也越来越普遍。目前主要的氧化锆陶瓷制作工艺需要二次烧结,即将预烧结氧化锆瓷块经CAD/CAM放大切削加工,再高温烧结收缩为致密氧化锆修复体。经过多道工序,修复体加工精度难以保证,机械性能也有所下降。另外一种方法是对结晶完成的氧化锆瓷块进行磨削加工,优点是加工完成的修复体有较高精度和机械强度。由于完全烧结的氧化锆质地坚硬,传统的计算机辅助磨削加工方式易导致刀具损耗和修复体边缘碎裂。超声辅助磨削加工技术与传统磨削方式相比具有高效率、高精度、加工工具低损伤等优点,是一种有发展潜力的口腔氧化锆陶瓷加工方法。研究超声磨削对氧化锆表面性能及树脂粘接强度的影响很有必要。[目的]本研究旨在对比不同处理方式后氧化锆试件的表面性能(表面粗糙度、微观形貌),总结超声磨削对氧化锆表面性能的特殊影响;通过不同处理方式后氧化锆试件与树脂粘接剂的抗剪切力检测实验,探究超声辅助磨削对氧化锆粘接性能的影响。[方法]慢速切割机将InCorisTZI可切削氧化锆瓷块切割为55片,放入Ceramill Therm高温烧结炉烧结成氧化锆瓷片。依次用280#、400#、600#SiC砂纸将氧化锆瓷片表面研磨光滑后,随机分为5组:空白对照(A);喷砂处理组(B):50μm粒径Al2O3颗粒喷砂处理;普通磨削组(C、D):分别用普通粒径、小粒径的金刚石刀具在超声振动切削加工中心进行普通磨削;超声磨削组(E):用超声振动切削加工中心进行超声辅助磨削。所有的瓷片经超声清洗后室温晾干。使用便携式粗糙度仪对各组瓷片表面测量算术平均粗糙度(Ra)、微观不平度十点高度(Rz),并记录二维轮廓图像。每组取1片氧化锆瓷片用扫描电子显微镜观察各组瓷片的表面微观形貌,比较C、E两组的边缘碎裂情况。每组取用10片氧化锆瓷片,在限定区域均匀涂布PanaviaF2.0粘接剂,将预制的树脂块放置其上,持续轻压并LED灯光固化3分钟,室温放置30分钟。制作完成的试件置于去离子水中,放于37℃恒温保存24小时。将各组的试件粘于剪切力实验专用的的圆柱形基座上,用万能试验机测试其剪切力,计算得出剪切粘接强度。剪切试验后在体视显微镜下观察各组试件的断裂模式。使用SPSS18.0软件,对各组氧化锆表面粗糙度、剪切粘接强度进行方差齐性分析及SNK法比较均值,以p0.05为有统计学差异。[结果]1.不同表面处理对氧化锆轮廓算数平均偏差(Ra)有显著影响:喷砂处理组(B组)、普通磨削组(标准粒径,C组)、超声磨削组(E组)Ra值最高,且三者之间无显著差别(p0.05),普通磨削组(小粒径,D组)Ra值次之(p0.05),空白对照组(A组)Ra值最低(p0.05)。不同表面处理对氧化锆微观不平度十点高度(Rz)有显著影响:喷砂处理组(B组)、普通磨削组(标准粒径,C组)、超声磨削组(E组)三组均显著高于其他两组(p0.05),且其中喷砂处理组(B组)显著高于普通磨削组(标准粒径,C组),而喷砂处理组(B组)与超声磨削组(E组)无显著差别(p0.05),普通磨削组(标准粒径,C组)与超声磨削组(E组)无显著差别(p0.05)。普通磨削组(小粒径,D组)Rz值位列第四(p0.05),空白对照组(A组)最低(p0.05)。2.二维轮廓图像分析可见:空白对照组(A组)氧化锆瓷片表面较为平滑;喷砂处理组(B组)的表面形成均匀无规律的凹凸;普通磨削组(C、D组)的轮廓相对规律;超声磨削(E组)处理后的表面最为规则:相邻的轮廓峰/轮廓谷外形近似,排列整齐。3.扫描电子显微镜下观察各实验组表面形貌:空白对照组(A组)表面光滑,伴有少量浅划痕;喷砂处理组(B组)呈现均匀的不规则凹凸表面,棱角分明,偶见较粗、较深的短沟;普通磨削组(C、D组)表面为平行紧密分布的沟壑,较空白对照组深,喷砂处理组浅;超声磨削组(E组)表面呈现为交错的沟壑,粗糙不平。比较超声磨削(E组)与普通磨削(标准粒径,C组)的氧化锆瓷片边缘碎裂情况发现:超声磨削后氧化锆边缘的相对完整,仅见细碎的微小缺口,无明显的材料碎裂;普通磨削可见氧化锆边缘大小形态不规则的缺口,边缘质量较差。4.剪切实验后发现实验中所有的断裂模式均为氧化锆与复合树脂粘接剂的界面断裂。分析可知不同表面处理对氧化锆粘接强度有显著影响:喷砂处理组(B组)的粘接强度最大,与其他四组有显著差异(p0.05);空白对照组(A组)与两个普通磨削组(C、D组)强度次之,且三组间粘接强度无显著差异(p0.05);超声磨削组(E组)的粘接强度最低,与其他四组有显著差异(p0.05)。[结论]1.与空白对照组相比,喷砂处理、普通磨削、超声辅助磨削均可显著提高氧化锆陶瓷表面粗糙度;使用不同粒径的金刚石刀具对氧化锆表面粗糙度影响不同,粒径大的刀具获得粗糙度更大。2.本实验中其他方法相比,喷砂能显著提高氧化锆与树脂粘接剂的剪切粘接强度;超声辅助磨削后的氧化锆与树脂粘接剂的剪切粘接强度较低。建议超声辅助磨削后结合喷砂来获得理想的粘接效果。普通磨削不能提高氧化锆的树脂粘接强度,临床仍需配合其他表面处理方法提高氧化锆与树脂粘接剂的粘接强度。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for aesthetics and safety of dental restorations, all-ceramic materials are becoming more and more popular, and the application of CAD/CAM in processing zirconia ceramics is becoming more and more popular. Dense zirconia restorations. After a number of procedures, the restorations processing accuracy is difficult to guarantee, mechanical properties have also declined. Another method is to finish the crystallization of zirconia ceramic grinding, the advantages of the finished restorations are high precision and mechanical strength. Because the fully sintered zirconia is hard, the traditional calculation. Ultrasound-assisted grinding is a promising method for processing oral zirconia ceramics because of its high efficiency, high precision and low tool damage compared with traditional grinding methods. [Objective] The purpose of this study is to compare the surface properties (surface roughness, micro-morphology) of zirconia specimens after different treatment methods, summarize the special effects of ultrasonic grinding on the surface properties of zirconia, and explore the shear resistance test of zirconia specimens and resin adhesive after different treatment methods. [Methods] InCoris TZI machinable zirconia ceramic pieces were cut into 55 pieces by slow cutting machine and sintered into zirconia ceramic pieces by Ceramill Therm high temperature sintering furnace. Treatment group (B): 50 micron Al2O3 particle sandblasting treatment; Ordinary grinding group (C, D): Ordinary grinding with ordinary diameter, small diameter diamond tools in ultrasonic vibration machining center for ordinary grinding; Ultrasonic grinding group (E): ultrasonic vibration machining center for ultrasonic assisted grinding. All porcelain pieces after ultrasonic cleaning room temperature drying. The arithmetic mean roughness (Ra), micro-irregularity 10-point height (Rz) and two-dimensional contour images were measured by a portable roughness tester. One piece of zirconia porcelain was taken from each group and the surface micro-morphology of each group was observed by scanning electron microscope. The edge fragmentation of C and E groups was compared. Panavia F2.0 adhesive was evenly coated in the limited area. The prefabricated resin block was placed on it. The resin block was pressed lightly for 3 minutes and cured by LED light for 30 minutes at room temperature. After shear test, the fracture mode of each group was observed under stereomicroscope. The surface roughness and shear bond strength of each group of zirconia were analyzed by SPSS18.0 software, and the mean values of SNK were compared by variance homogeneity analysis and SNK method. The results showed that the average deviation (Ra) of zirconia contour was significantly affected by physical parameters: the highest Ra value was found in the sandblasting group (group B), the common grinding group (standard size, group C), the ultrasonic grinding group (group E), and there was no significant difference among the three groups (p0.05), the second was in the common grinding group (small size, group D), and the lowest was in the blank control group (group A). Zirconia micro-irregularity 10-point height (Rz) has a significant impact: sandblasting treatment group (group B), ordinary grinding group (standard size, group C), ultrasonic grinding group (group E) three groups were significantly higher than the other two groups (p0.05), and the sandblasting treatment group (group B) was significantly higher than the ordinary grinding group (standard size, group C), while the sandblasting treatment group (group B) and ultrasonic grinding group (group E). There was no significant difference (p0.05). There was no significant difference (p0.05) between the normal grinding group (standard size, group C) and the ultrasonic grinding group (group E). The Rz value of the ordinary grinding group (small size, group D) ranked fourth (p0.05), while that of the blank control group (group A) was the lowest (p0.05). 2-D contour image analysis showed that the surface of zirconia ceramic in the blank control group (group A) was smoother. (group B) surface formed uniform irregular concave-convex; common grinding group (group C, D) profile of the relative law; ultrasonic grinding (group E) after the surface of the most regular: adjacent contour peak / contour valley shape approximate, neatly arranged. 3. Scanning electron microscopy observation of the surface morphology of each experimental group: blank control group (group A) surface smooth, with a small number of. Shallow scratches; abrasive blasting treatment group (group B) showed uniform irregular concave-convex surface, sharp edges and corners, occasionally thick, deep grooves; ordinary grinding group (group C, D) surface was parallel and compact distribution of grooves, deeper than the blank control group, sandblasting treatment group shallow; ultrasonic grinding group (group E) surface showed staggered grooves, rough and uneven. The results show that the edge of zirconia ceramics grinded by ultrasonic grinding is relatively intact, and there is no obvious material fragmentation; the edge of zirconia ceramics grinded by conventional grinding is irregular in size and shape, and the edge quality is poor. 4. The results show that different surface treatments have a significant effect on the bond strength of zirconia: the bond strength of sandblasting group (group B) is the highest, and there is a significant difference with the other four groups (p0.05); the strength of blank control group (group A) and two ordinary grinding groups (group C, D) is the second, and the bond strength between the three groups is the highest. There was no significant difference in bond strength (p0.05); ultrasonic grinding group (E group) had the lowest bond strength, which was significantly different from the other four groups (p0.05). [Conclusion] 1. Compared with the blank control group, the surface roughness of zirconia ceramics could be significantly improved by sandblasting, conventional grinding and ultrasonic-assisted grinding. Compared with other methods, sandblasting can significantly improve the shear bond strength between zirconia and resin adhesive, and the shear bond strength between zirconia and resin adhesive after ultrasonic-assisted grinding is lower. Ordinary grinding can not improve the resin bonding strength of zirconia, but other surface treatment methods should be used to improve the bonding strength between zirconia and resin adhesive.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R783.1
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for aesthetics and safety of dental restorations, all-ceramic materials are becoming more and more popular, and the application of CAD/CAM in processing zirconia ceramics is becoming more and more popular. Dense zirconia restorations. After a number of procedures, the restorations processing accuracy is difficult to guarantee, mechanical properties have also declined. Another method is to finish the crystallization of zirconia ceramic grinding, the advantages of the finished restorations are high precision and mechanical strength. Because the fully sintered zirconia is hard, the traditional calculation. Ultrasound-assisted grinding is a promising method for processing oral zirconia ceramics because of its high efficiency, high precision and low tool damage compared with traditional grinding methods. [Objective] The purpose of this study is to compare the surface properties (surface roughness, micro-morphology) of zirconia specimens after different treatment methods, summarize the special effects of ultrasonic grinding on the surface properties of zirconia, and explore the shear resistance test of zirconia specimens and resin adhesive after different treatment methods. [Methods] InCoris TZI machinable zirconia ceramic pieces were cut into 55 pieces by slow cutting machine and sintered into zirconia ceramic pieces by Ceramill Therm high temperature sintering furnace. Treatment group (B): 50 micron Al2O3 particle sandblasting treatment; Ordinary grinding group (C, D): Ordinary grinding with ordinary diameter, small diameter diamond tools in ultrasonic vibration machining center for ordinary grinding; Ultrasonic grinding group (E): ultrasonic vibration machining center for ultrasonic assisted grinding. All porcelain pieces after ultrasonic cleaning room temperature drying. The arithmetic mean roughness (Ra), micro-irregularity 10-point height (Rz) and two-dimensional contour images were measured by a portable roughness tester. One piece of zirconia porcelain was taken from each group and the surface micro-morphology of each group was observed by scanning electron microscope. The edge fragmentation of C and E groups was compared. Panavia F2.0 adhesive was evenly coated in the limited area. The prefabricated resin block was placed on it. The resin block was pressed lightly for 3 minutes and cured by LED light for 30 minutes at room temperature. After shear test, the fracture mode of each group was observed under stereomicroscope. The surface roughness and shear bond strength of each group of zirconia were analyzed by SPSS18.0 software, and the mean values of SNK were compared by variance homogeneity analysis and SNK method. The results showed that the average deviation (Ra) of zirconia contour was significantly affected by physical parameters: the highest Ra value was found in the sandblasting group (group B), the common grinding group (standard size, group C), the ultrasonic grinding group (group E), and there was no significant difference among the three groups (p0.05), the second was in the common grinding group (small size, group D), and the lowest was in the blank control group (group A). Zirconia micro-irregularity 10-point height (Rz) has a significant impact: sandblasting treatment group (group B), ordinary grinding group (standard size, group C), ultrasonic grinding group (group E) three groups were significantly higher than the other two groups (p0.05), and the sandblasting treatment group (group B) was significantly higher than the ordinary grinding group (standard size, group C), while the sandblasting treatment group (group B) and ultrasonic grinding group (group E). There was no significant difference (p0.05). There was no significant difference (p0.05) between the normal grinding group (standard size, group C) and the ultrasonic grinding group (group E). The Rz value of the ordinary grinding group (small size, group D) ranked fourth (p0.05), while that of the blank control group (group A) was the lowest (p0.05). 2-D contour image analysis showed that the surface of zirconia ceramic in the blank control group (group A) was smoother. (group B) surface formed uniform irregular concave-convex; common grinding group (group C, D) profile of the relative law; ultrasonic grinding (group E) after the surface of the most regular: adjacent contour peak / contour valley shape approximate, neatly arranged. 3. Scanning electron microscopy observation of the surface morphology of each experimental group: blank control group (group A) surface smooth, with a small number of. Shallow scratches; abrasive blasting treatment group (group B) showed uniform irregular concave-convex surface, sharp edges and corners, occasionally thick, deep grooves; ordinary grinding group (group C, D) surface was parallel and compact distribution of grooves, deeper than the blank control group, sandblasting treatment group shallow; ultrasonic grinding group (group E) surface showed staggered grooves, rough and uneven. The results show that the edge of zirconia ceramics grinded by ultrasonic grinding is relatively intact, and there is no obvious material fragmentation; the edge of zirconia ceramics grinded by conventional grinding is irregular in size and shape, and the edge quality is poor. 4. The results show that different surface treatments have a significant effect on the bond strength of zirconia: the bond strength of sandblasting group (group B) is the highest, and there is a significant difference with the other four groups (p0.05); the strength of blank control group (group A) and two ordinary grinding groups (group C, D) is the second, and the bond strength between the three groups is the highest. There was no significant difference in bond strength (p0.05); ultrasonic grinding group (E group) had the lowest bond strength, which was significantly different from the other four groups (p0.05). [Conclusion] 1. Compared with the blank control group, the surface roughness of zirconia ceramics could be significantly improved by sandblasting, conventional grinding and ultrasonic-assisted grinding. Compared with other methods, sandblasting can significantly improve the shear bond strength between zirconia and resin adhesive, and the shear bond strength between zirconia and resin adhesive after ultrasonic-assisted grinding is lower. Ordinary grinding can not improve the resin bonding strength of zirconia, but other surface treatment methods should be used to improve the bonding strength between zirconia and resin adhesive.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R783.1
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