普通人群对不同年龄女性微笑线的美观评价

发布时间：2018-11-01 17:23

【摘要】：研究背景随着审美要求的提高，越来越多患者为获得自然迷人的微笑而寻求诊治。正畸医生不仅要关注牙齿的排列和咬合关系，也要关注唇齿的红白关系，不仅要关注静止的侧貌外形，也要关注动态时的整体美观性，为患者创造迷人的微笑。微笑时牙龈显露量对微笑的美观性有较大影响，露龈笑也成为近年来研究的热点之一。对于不同病因的露龈笑有针对性的治疗方法，能够达到初始制定的治疗目的。然而对于微笑是否美观国内外并没有统一的标准，因为审美是带有主观性的，受多种因素影响，但它也遵行一定的规律。已经证实，正畸医生和普通人群对微笑线的看法存在差异，治疗时要听取患者的意见；人们对男性露龈笑和女性露龈笑的审美是不同的，治疗时要考虑患者的性别；同时，不同民族不同地区的人也对露龈笑也存在不同看法。另外，研究发现随着年龄的增长，微笑时牙龈显露量逐渐减少，因此微笑时有少许露龈被认为是年轻的表现。但国内外未有关于对不同年龄微笑线美观评价的相关研究。同时，临床上正畸病例可分为青少年病例和成人病例，对于两者露龈笑的治疗是要达到一样的标准，还是要考虑患者年龄而区别对待值得深究。为此，本研究拟对普通人群对不同年龄女性微笑线的美观评价是否有差异作一初探，以期为临床治疗露龈笑提供参考。目的制作微笑线的直观类比标度评分问卷，对普通人群进行调查，评价微笑线对不同年龄女性微笑美观的影响。方法选取面容美观端正，微笑协调年轻女性一名，拍摄正面姿势位微笑像，通过软件截取面下三分一图片，对图片进行适当修整和处理。经过两位正畸医师、三名修复科医师和两名口内医师和一名牙周科医生的一致认定，难以通过目测辨别该图片女性的年龄。可以认为该图片女性具体年龄不可分辨。另外拍摄该模特的全口牙列像，采用软件调整全口牙列在微笑嘴唇框架内的上下位置，制作成11张不同微笑线高度的图片，结合视觉模拟评分法制作成三组调查问卷，分别设为15岁女性图片组（15岁组）、25岁女性图片组（25岁组）和35岁女性图片组（35岁组），对普通人群进行微笑线的美学观点调查。运用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析，P 0.05时认为具有统计学意义。结果1．线性分析显示评价者的年龄和评分之间没有关联性。2．普通人群中男性和女性评价者的评分差异没有统计学意义（P0.05）。3．在没有牙龈显露的微笑中，除了微笑线-4mm的评分外，其它各项微笑线的评分三组间差异没有统计学意义。而在牙龈显露的微笑中，各项微笑线评分三组间差异均有统计学意义，两两比较可知15岁组各项微笑评分均比35岁的高（P 0.05），而在微笑线1mm和微笑线2mm的评分上15岁组和25岁组间的差异具有统计学意义。4．在所有牙龈显露的微笑（SL=1~5mm）和定义为露龈笑（SL=3~5mm）的微笑中15岁女性组获得的评分分别要比25岁女性组和35岁女性组获得的评分要高（P0.05）；而25岁女性组和35岁女性组相比，在定义为牙龈显露的微笑上的差异无统计学意义，而在定义为露龈笑上前者获得的评分更高（P 0.05）。5．15岁女性组中，得分最高的微笑为微笑线0mm的微笑，被认为具有美观性的微笑为微笑线-3~2mm的微笑；25岁女性组中，得分最高的微笑为微笑线0mm的微笑，被认为具有美观性的微笑为微笑线-3~1mm的微笑，35岁女性组中，得分最高的微笑为微笑线-1mm的微笑，被认为具有美观性的微笑为微笑线-4~1mm的微笑。结论1.普通人群中年龄因素对微笑线美观评价没有影响。2.普通人群中男女评价者对微笑线美观性评价没有差异。3.普通人群对较为年轻的女性的露龈笑和微笑时显露出牙龈具有更高的容忍度。4.普通人群认为15岁组和25岁组微笑时显露全部上中切牙牙冠而没有牙龈暴露时最美观，而认为35岁组上唇覆盖中切牙1mm时最美观，认为三组中具有美观性的微笑分别是15岁组为微笑线-3~2mm的微笑，，25岁组为微笑线-3~1mm的微笑，35岁组为微笑线-4~1mm的微笑。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of the aesthetic requirements, more and more patients seek diagnosis and treatment in order to obtain a natural and charming smile. Orthodontic doctors should not only pay attention to the arrangement and bite relationship of teeth, but also pay attention to the red-white relationship of the lip teeth, not only to focus on the static side appearance, but also to focus on the overall beauty of the dynamic time, so as to create a charming smile for the patient. Gingival exposure in smile has a great influence on the beauty of smile, which also becomes one of the hot spots in recent years. The present invention can achieve the initial therapeutic aim for different etiologies. However, there is no uniform standard for the beauty of smiling, because it is subjective and influenced by many factors, but it also follows certain rules. It has been confirmed that there is a difference in the views of the orthodontic practitioner and the general population on the smile line, and the patient's opinions are heard during the treatment; the aesthetics of the male and female gingival laughter is different and the gender of the patient is to be taken into account during the treatment; at the same time, Different people in different regions also have different views on the grin. In addition, the study found that as the age grew, the amount of gum exposure gradually decreased at the time of the smile, so a little of the gum was considered a young expression when smiling. However, there are no relevant researches on the aesthetic evaluation of smiling lines of different ages. At the same time, the clinical orthodontic cases can be divided into juvenile cases and adult cases. In order to provide a reference for clinical treatment of gingival laughter, this study intends to make a preliminary study on the difference in the aesthetic evaluation of female smile lines of different age groups. Objective To make a visual analog scale score questionnaire for smiling lines, to investigate the common people and to evaluate the beauty of smiling lines on women with different ages The method selects one of the young women with a beautiful face and a smile, and takes a smiling image of the front posture, Trim and Treatment. It is difficult to identify the picture visually by visually identifying the two Orthodontists, the three prosthetists, and the two physicians in the mouth and a physician in the periodontal family Age of women. This picture is considered to be a specific year for women The invention also discloses a full-mouth tooth column image of the model, adopts software to adjust the up-and-down position of the full-mouth tooth column in the smile lip frame, and is manufactured into 11 pictures with different smile line heights, and the three-group questionnaire is prepared by combining the visual simulation scoring method, and is respectively set to a 15-year-old female picture group (15-year-old), 25-year-old female picture group (25-year-old) and 35-year-old female picture group (35-year-old group), smile line beauty for common people Statistical analysis using SPSS13.0 software, P 0. 05, considered to have statistical significance Meaning. Results 1. Linear analysis shows the age and score of evaluators There was no correlation between men and female evaluators in the general population ((P0.05). 3. In the smile without gum exposure, except for the score of smile line-4mm, the scores of other smile lines were different among the three groups. There was no statistical significance. However, in the smiling face of gum, there was a statistical difference between the three groups of smile line scores. The results showed that each smile score of the 15-year-old group was more than 35 years old. High (P 0.05) while differences between the 15-year-old and 25-year-old were scored on the smile line 1mm and the smile line 2mm There was statistical significance. 4. The score of the 15-year-old female group was higher than that of the 25-year-old female group and the 35-year-old female group, respectively (P <0.05), and the 25-year-old female group and the female group of the age group of 35 years were higher than that of the 25-year-old female group and the 35-year-old female group respectively. Compared with the 35-year-old female group, there was no statistically significant difference in the smile defined as gum exposure, while the former obtained in the former was higher (P 0.05). In the 15-year-old female group, the highest-scoring smile was a smile line of 0mm and was thought to have an aesthetic smile as a smile line-3-2mm smile; in the 25-year-old female group, the highest score smile is smile line 0mm smile, considered to have beautiful smile as smile line-3-1mm smile, in the 35-year-old female group, the highest score smile is smile line-1mm smile, is considered to have beautiful smile as smile line-4~1m m's smile. Conclusion 1. Age factors in common people smile the aesthetic evaluation of a line has no effect. 2. The men and women in the general population have a smile line there is no difference in aesthetic evaluation. 3. Ordinary people show teeth when they smile and smile for younger women Gingiva has a higher stiffness. 4. The average population believes that when a 15-year-old and a 25-year-old group smile, they reveal all the upper incisors without gum exposure and are considered to be the upper lip of the 35-year-old group In the cover, the most beautiful is the smile at 1mm, and the smile with beautiful appearance in three groups is the smile line-3-2mm smile respectively, the 25-year-old group is smile line-3-1mm smile, the 35-year-old group is micro
【学位授予单位】：广州医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R783.5

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