某三甲医院医院感染特征的临床流行病学研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 19:42

  本文关键词：某三甲医院医院感染特征的临床流行病学研究　出处：《新疆医科大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 医院感染 调查 预防和控制

【摘要】：目的:分析某综合医院五年住院患者医院感染的现状,了解医院感染的科室、人群、年龄、感染部位的分布及医院感染病原菌的构成等特征,为预防医院感染制定有效的预防与控制措施提供依据。方法:利用医院现有的医院感染病例资料,由临床医师主动上报,医院感染专职监控人员采取目标监测,同时回顾性查阅住院患者的出院病历等方法,收集2005～2009年期间住院患者中的医院感染病历,并利用医院网络信息中心对资料进行完善和补充,按照中华医院感染管理专业委员会制定的《医院感染诊断标准》,对2005至2009年期间,所收集到的全部医院感染病例进行统计分析。结果:1)五年住院患者160984例,发生医院感染4616人,感染率2.87%,感染例次为4967例次,例次感染率3.09%;2)医院感染发病率最高的科室是综合ICU为20.99%,依次是烧伤科、肾病科、血液科、神经外科、神经内科,感染率分别为10.88%、8.72%、8.55%、6.78%、6.02%;3)最常见的医院感染部位依次是上呼吸道、下呼吸道、胃肠道、泌尿道感染分别占36.34%、31.23%、12.97%、11.38%;4)4967例医院感染患者中男性3017例占60.74%,女性1950例占39.26%,年龄最小的为出生后1天,最大94岁,平均年龄为58岁。年龄≥70岁医院感染患者感染构成最高占32.45%;医院感染患者平均住院日为30天,高于常规住院患者平均住院日;5)4967例医院感染患者中共分离出病原菌1560株,其中G-病原菌773株占49.55%;G+病原菌196株占22.41%;真菌210株占13.46%;其他病原菌259株占16.57%;6)医院感染的主要致病菌是革兰阴性病原菌,主要来源于下呼吸道、泌尿道、手术切口、皮肤软组织、血液等感染部位。结论:1)通过不同年度、不同科室、不同部位的感染率比较,为我院获得了医院感染趋势及分布规律的基线资料,为医院重点科室及重点人群开展医院感染目标监测、制定医院感染的预防与控制提供了有利依据;2)综合ICU病区、烧伤科、新生儿病区、神经内科、神经外科、肾病科、血液科是我院医院感染的高发科室,是开展医院感染监测的重点部门;3)婴幼儿和老年患者是医院感染的好发人群,而且随着年龄的增加和减小医院感染的比例呈增加趋势,婴幼儿好发胃肠道感染,老年患者好发呼吸道、胃肠道和泌尿道感染;4)医院感染患者的住院时间明显高于普通住院患者平均住院时间,住院时间越长越容易发生医院感染,而医院感染在不同程度上又延长了患者的住院时间;5)G-病原菌是引起医院感染的主要致病菌。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the present situation of nosocomial infection among hospitalized patients in a general hospital for five years, and to understand the characteristics of nosocomial infection department, population, age, distribution of infection site and the composition of nosocomial infection pathogens. Methods: using the existing data of nosocomial infection cases, the clinicians should report it on their own initiative, and the full-time monitoring staff of nosocomial infection should take the aim to monitor the nosocomial infection in order to provide the basis for the effective prevention and control of nosocomial infection. At the same time, the hospital infection records of the inpatients were collected from 2005 to 2009, and the hospital network information center was used to perfect and supplement the data. According to the "Hospital infection diagnosis criteria" formulated by the Chinese Hospital infection Management Committee, the period from 2005 to 2009. Results 160984 cases of nosocomial infection occurred in 160984 patients in 5 years, and the infection rate was 2.87%. The infection times were 4967 times and the infection rate was 3.09 times. 2) the highest incidence of nosocomial infection was in the department of comprehensive ICU 20.99, followed by Burns, Renal, Hematology, Neurosurgery, Neurology, and the infection rate was 10.88%, respectively. 8.72, 8.55 and 6.78, about 6.02; 3) the most common nosocomial infection sites were upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract infection respectively. 4among 4967 patients with nosocomial infection, 3017 cases were male and 39.26 cases were female. The youngest was 1 day after birth, the oldest was 94 years old. The average age was 58 years. The infection composition of nosocomial infection patients aged 鈮，

本文编号：1434564