系统理论在流行病学监测中应用的研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 13:09

本文关键词： 流行病学监测系统系统理论系统工程　出处：《苏州大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 目的:明确流行病学监测的概念;探讨流行病学监测系统的性质、结构与功能以及实施过程;为创建并完善流行病学监测的理论体系提供素材;为科学地指导流行病学监测实践提供理论依据。方法:(1)应用逻辑学中给概念下定义和划分的方法,明确流行病学监测的概念;(2)应用逻辑学演绎推理中的性质推理和归纳推理中的不完全归纳推理的方法,推导流行病学监测系统的性质;(3)应用系统理论的原理与方法研究本系统的结构及功能;(4)应用系统工程的方法研究流行病学监测的实施过程。结果:(1)流行病学监测是指为了防制疾病、促进健康、保护人类生存环境,通过长期、连续、准确地收集一定范围内某一个或某一类公共卫生问题的动态分布及其影响因素的资料,经过处理、分析、解释,及时地传递所得信息,并将结果反馈给各有关部门及人员,为制定相应的策略和措施以及评价策略和措施的效果提供科学有效的依据,包括人群健康状况监测、突发公共卫生事件监测、人类生存环境监测、人类健康影响因素监测以及防制措施监测;(2)流行病学监测系统应有的性质是:重要性与必要性、整体性、多元性与相关性、目的性、结构性与层次性、长期性、连续性与追踪性、生产性与实用性、法制性与强制性、动态平衡性与适应性等;(3)流行病学监测系统按功能不同分为四个子系统:①组织管理系统由决策层、管理层、实施层以及服务层组成,为系统提供组织框架,管理和协调整个系统的运行;②信息系统由信息管理者、信息源、信息处理器及信息用户组成,通过采集、处理、存储、管理、检索和传输信息,为管理部门决策提供可靠依据;③监测方案是系统的核心部分,对监测实践起着指导和规范作用;④保障系统是从多个方面对整个系统进行保障,以确保系统的正常运行并保证监测的质量。四个子系统紧密联系、相互作用,使系统呈现出它的整体功能即生产监测信息;(4)流行病学监测的实施是一个从需求分析、系统分析、系统设计、系统实施、系统评价到系统完善的逐步有序开展的过程。结论:本研究明确了流行病学监测的概念,解决了流行病学监测概念不清的问题;探讨了流行病学监测系统的性质、结构与功能以及具体的实施过程,体现了系统理论在流行病学监测中的灵活运用。
[Abstract]:Objective: to clarify the concept of epidemiological surveillance; To explore the nature, structure and function of epidemiological surveillance system and its implementation process; To provide materials for establishing and perfecting the theoretical system of epidemiological surveillance; To provide a theoretical basis for the scientific guidance of epidemiological surveillance practice. Methods (1) the concept of epidemiological surveillance was defined by the method of defining and dividing the concepts in logic. (2) to deduce the nature of epidemiological surveillance system by using the methods of attribute reasoning in logical deductive reasoning and incomplete inductive reasoning in inductive reasoning; 3) studying the structure and function of the system by applying the principle and method of the system theory; Application of systems engineering method to study the implementation process of epidemiological surveillance. Results Epidemiology surveillance is to prevent and control diseases, promote health, protect human living environment, through long-term, continuous. To collect accurately the dynamic distribution of a certain public health problem or a certain class of public health problems and their influencing factors, after processing, analysis, interpretation, and timely transmission of the information. The results were fed back to the relevant departments and personnel to provide scientific and effective basis for formulating the corresponding strategies and measures and evaluating the effects of the strategies and measures, including the monitoring of the health status of the population. Public health emergency monitoring, human survival environment monitoring, human health impact factors monitoring and prevention measures monitoring; 2) the nature of epidemiological surveillance system should be: importance and necessity, integrity, pluralism and relevance, purpose, structure and level, long-term, continuity and tracing, productivity and practicability. Legality and compulsion, dynamic balance and adaptability; The epidemiological surveillance system is divided into four subsystems according to its function: 1: 1. The system is composed of decision layer, management layer, implementation layer and service layer, which provides the organizational framework for the system. Manage and coordinate the operation of the whole system; (2) Information system is composed of information manager, information source, information processor and information user. By collecting, processing, storing, managing, retrieving and transmitting information, the information system can provide reliable basis for the decision of management department. (3) the monitoring scheme is the core part of the system, which plays a guiding and normative role in monitoring practice; 4 the support system guarantees the whole system from many aspects to ensure the normal operation of the system and the quality of the monitoring. The four subsystems are closely linked and interact with each other. Make the system present its whole function namely production monitor information; The implementation of epidemiological surveillance is a gradual and orderly process from demand analysis, system analysis, system design, system implementation, system evaluation to system perfection. Conclusion: this study clarified the concept of epidemiological surveillance and solved the problem of unclear concept of epidemiological surveillance. This paper discusses the nature, structure and function of the epidemiological surveillance system and its concrete implementation process, which reflects the flexible application of the system theory in the epidemiological monitoring.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：R181.3

【引证文献】