粉螨群落构成及其防制研究

发布时间：2018-02-05 03:39

  本文关键词： 粉螨 群落结构 多样性 季节消长 腐食酪螨 相对湿度 存活　出处：《安徽理工大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 目的研究不同仓储环境中粉螨群落构成、多样性和相似性,并在实验室条件下通过温度、湿度变化来控制仓储害螨优势种腐食酪螨成螨的存活,探讨螨害防制方法。 方法在粮食、中药材、饲料3类仓储物中采集粉螨样本,采用水膜镜检法和电热集螨法进行粉螨的分离、鉴定及计数,并通过Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数、Simpson指数及Jaccard指数计算其物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度、优势度及群落相似性。在实验室条件下用多目的培养箱设置33个温湿度处理,依此来控制仓储害螨优势种腐食酪螨成螨的存活,探讨温、湿度与其死亡率的关系。 结果对淮南地区不同仓储环境中孳生的粉螨群落展开调查,分离出粉螨8539只,隶属于6科19属,共26种。对3类仓储物粉螨群落结构及多样性分析表明:孳生粉螨物种数S为12～18,物种丰富度指数(Margalef指数)R为1.353～2.224,多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数)H′为1.880～2.318,均匀度指数(Pielou指数)J′为0.757～0.802,优势度指数(Simpson指数)D为0.150～0.205,相似性指数(Jaccard指数)为0.200～0.571。其中,粮食的物种数、丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数最高,中药材的优势度指数最高。一年之中粮食中的粉螨物种Margalef指数R在0.241～2.446之间,Shannon-Wiener指数H′为0.463～2.323,Pielou指数J′为0.668～0.838,优势度指数(Simpson指数)D为0.134～0.712。粉螨的物种数、丰富度指数及多样性指数在时序上的分布较为一致,优势度指数恰与之相反,而物种均匀度则较不规则。在不同温湿度条件下,温度与腐食酪螨成螨的死亡率关系不显著;但在适宜腐食酪螨正常存活的相对湿度条件下,湿度与其死亡率有显著差异。 结论5～7月份粉螨孳生密度最高,不同仓储物中粉螨群落的结构及多样性差异较大,可能与其生态因子(温度、湿度等)有关,而其食性、仓储物的营养成分及人类干扰也是较为重要的影响因素。在15～30℃温度范围内,实验室条件下控制腐食酪螨成螨存活时其环境的相对湿度控制在＜75.5%为宜;35℃温度时,相对湿度控制在≤83%为宜。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the composition, diversity and similarity of acaroid mites community in different storage environments, and to control the survival of acaroid mites by changing temperature and humidity under laboratory conditions. Methods of controlling mites were discussed. Methods the samples of acaroid mites were collected from grain, Chinese medicinal materials and feed. The acaroid mites were isolated, identified and counted by water film microscopy and electrothermal mite collection, and the Margalef index was used. Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index and Jaccard index were used to calculate species richness, diversity and evenness. Dominance and community similarity. 33 temperature and humidity treatments were set up in a multi-purpose incubator under laboratory conditions to control the survival of the dominant species of Tyrophus putrescens in storage and to explore the temperature. The relationship between humidity and mortality. Results A total of 8539 mites, belonging to 19 genera and 6 families, were isolated from the communities of acaroid mites in different storage environments in Huainan area. The community structure and diversity of three types of acaroid mites were analyzed. The results showed that the species number of acaroid mites was 12 ~ (18). The species richness index, Margalef index, is 1.353 and 2.224. The diversity index Shannon-Wiener index (H') is 1.880 (2.318) and the evenness index (J') (Pielou index (J')) is 0.757 (0.802). The dominance index, Simpson index, is 0.150 ~ 0.205, and the similarity index is 0.200 ~ 0.571.In which, the species number of grain is 0.200. The richness index, diversity index and evenness index were the highest, and the dominance index of Chinese medicinal materials was the highest. The Margalef index of acaroid mites in grain was between 0.241 and 2.446 in one year. The Shannon-Wiener index (H') is 0. 463 (2.323) and the Pielou index (J') is 0. 668 (0. 838). The dominant index, Simpson index, was 0.134 and 0.712.The species number, richness index and diversity index of acaroid mites were consistent in time series. The dominance index was the opposite, but the species evenness was irregular. Under different temperature and humidity, there was no significant relationship between temperature and mortality. However, under the condition of relative humidity, which is suitable for the normal survival of typhus putrescens, there is a significant difference between the humidity and its mortality. Conclusion the density of acaroid mites was the highest in May and July, and the structure and diversity of acaroid mites community were different in different storage materials, which may be related to its ecological factors (temperature, humidity, etc.), but its feeding habits. The nutrient composition and human disturbance are also important factors in the storage matter, which is in the temperature range of 1530 鈩，

本文编号：1492014