上海市闸北区风疹发病特征分析与免疫接种策略探讨

发布时间：2018-02-09 02:39

本文关键词： 风疹流行特征疫苗接种免疫策略育龄期妇女　出处：《环境与职业医学》2014年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：[目的]了解上海市闸北区风疹的发病状况和流行趋势,为卫生行政部门制定风疹免疫接种策略提供依据。[方法]对闸北区1990—2012年风疹报告和疫情监测资料进行流行病学分析。[结果]1990—2012年,辖区共报告风疹病例9 003例,年平均发病率52.75/10万;1993年辖区报告风疹病例最多,共8 856例,发病率1 315.45/10万;2007—2008年,辖区无风疹病例报告。男女发病性别比为1∶1.04;5~14岁病例占73.68%;幼托儿童、中小学生是高发人群;风疹发病有明显的季节性,发病高峰为冬春季和春夏季;病例分布无地域聚集性趋势;疫苗使用后,风疹病例大幅度减少,1995—2012年,风疹病例共57例,且0~4岁、20岁以上病例在总病例中占有的构成比有上升趋势。[结论]接种疫苗是预防风疹发病的有效措施;疫苗使用后,风疹发病的年龄构成有所变化;建议用免疫手段,为更多成年人,特别是育龄期妇女提供保护,减少先天性风疹综合征的发生。
[Abstract]:[objective] to understand the prevalence and prevalence of rubella in Zhabei District, Shanghai, China. [methods] Epidemiological analysis of rubella report and surveillance data from 1990 to 2012 was carried out in Zhabei District. [results] 9,003 rubella cases were reported in Zhabei District from 1990 to 2012. The annual average incidence rate was 52.75 / 100 thousand; in 1993, the largest number of rubella cases were reported in the district, with a total of 8,856 cases. The incidence rate of rubella cases was 1315.45% / 100 000 in 2007-2008. The incidence sex ratio of male and female was 1: 1.04%, 514 years old cases accounted for 73.68%, and that of young children, primary and middle school students was a high incidence group. The incidence of rubella has obvious seasonality, the peak incidence is in winter, spring and spring and summer, the distribution of cases has no tendency of regional agglomeration. After the use of vaccine, the number of rubella cases decreased significantly from 1995 to 2012, and the total number of rubella cases was 57. The proportion of cases aged 4 years and over 20 years old in the total cases is on the rise. [conclusion] vaccination is an effective measure to prevent the occurrence of rubella, the age composition of rubella incidence changes after the use of vaccine, and it is suggested that immunization should be used. Provide protection for more adults, especially women of childbearing age, and reduce the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome.
【作者单位】：闸北区疾病预防控制中心;
【分类号】：R186

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