合肥市学校结核病聚集性疫情控制措施及效果分析

发布时间：2018-02-12 21:17

本文关键词： 结核疾病暴发流行公共卫生组织和管理　出处：《中国学校卫生》2017年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的探讨合肥市学校结核病聚集性疫情发生的因素及应急处置措施的适宜性,为采取更有效的应对措施提供参考。方法回顾性分析合肥市2011—2016年7起学校结核病聚集性疫情发生情况,开展密切接触者筛查,了解感染者、患者等处置情况。结果 2011—2016年合肥市共发生结核病聚集性疫情7起,其中突发公共卫生事件5起。首诊患者最短延误时间43 d,最长231 d;延误时间中位数最长的是诊断延误34 d,最短的是处置延误4 d。密切接触者中患者检出率为5.05%,一般接触者中检出率为0.98%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=52.115,P0.01),随访发现患者16例。PPD筛查发现各校密切接触者PPD阳性率为5.51%~29.41%;扩大筛查PPD阳性率为0~11.19%,平均4.21%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=52.117,P0.01)。7起疫情均采取了相应措施,5起疫情邀请专家组会诊并开展预防性治疗。结论肺结核患者早期发现是控制结核病聚集性疫情发生的基本手段,暴露关系与PPD试验相结合是评价结核潜伏感染的有效手段;建立必要的疫情会诊制度,有助于尽早控制学校结核病聚集性疫情的扩散和蔓延。
[Abstract]:Objective to explore the factors of the aggregation epidemic of school tuberculosis in Hefei city and the suitability of emergency measures to deal with it. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the incidence of 7 school tuberculosis cases in Hefei from 2011 to 2016, and close contacts were screened to understand the infected persons. Results from 2011 to 2016, there were 7 cases of concentrated tuberculosis epidemic in Hefei, The shortest delay time was 43 days, the longest was 231 days, the median delay was 34 days in diagnosis and the shortest in treatment delay was 4 days. The detection rate of patients in close contact was 5.05. The positive rate of PPD was 0.98 in those who were in close contact with each school (蠂 ~ 22.115 / P 0.01), and the positive rate of PPD was 5.51 ~ 29.41% in close contacts of all schools, and the positive rate of PPD in expanded screening was 0 ~ 11.19 with an average of 4.21. The difference was statistically significant (蠂 ~ (2 / 22) / 52.117 / P 0.01 / 7). All of them have taken corresponding measures to invite experts to consult and carry out preventive treatment. Conclusion early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis is the basic means to control the occurrence of the concentrated epidemic of tuberculosis. The combination of exposure relationship and PPD test is an effective method to evaluate the latent infection of tuberculosis, and the establishment of necessary consultation system will help to control the spread and spread of the aggregated tuberculosis epidemic in schools as soon as possible.
【作者单位】：安徽省合肥市疾病预防控制中心结核病防治科;
【分类号】：R181.8;R52

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