中缅边境县一起甲型病毒性肝炎暴发的流行病学调查分析

发布时间：2018-02-25 00:24

本文关键词： 甲型病毒性肝炎暴发中缅边境　出处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的调查分析2015年云南省中缅边境的镇康县一起甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)暴发疫情流行特征和原因,提出针对性预防控制措施。方法采用现场流行病调查、病例对照设计等方法收集甲肝发病和相关影响因素数据,进行流行病学分析。结果 2015年4月4日至9月15日镇康县报告本地和缅甸籍甲肝病例75例,发病率为83.65/10万。2个自然村寨和1所村小学发病呈聚集性。入境缅甸边民较多的南伞镇本地感染病例的发病率显著高于其他乡镇(x~2=36.65,P=0.000)。本地感染病例中0-9岁儿童发病构成(13.16%)显著低于缅甸感染病例中同年龄儿童的发病构成(45.16%)(x~2=8.76,P=0.003)。本地感染病例以学生为主(50.00%),缅甸感染病例以散居儿童为主(45.16%)。本次暴发可能与食物污染有关,并存在人-人传播模式。结论中缅边境县甲肝发病从缅甸传入传播的风险较大,加强甲肝疫苗接种、及时发现和处置聚集性疫情是控制甲肝暴发的有效手段。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate and analyze the epidemic characteristics and causes of an outbreak of viral hepatitis A (HAV) in Zhenkang County on the border of Yunnan Province in 2015, and to put forward targeted prevention and control measures. Data of incidence and related influencing factors of hepatitis A were collected by case-control design. Results from April 4th 2015 to September 15th, 75 cases of hepatitis A from local and Myanmar nationality were reported in Zhenkang County. The incidence rate was 83.65 / 100 000. The incidence of local infection in 2 natural villages and 1 village primary school was clustered. The incidence of local infection in Nanyu Town, where there were more border residents in Myanmar, was significantly higher than that in other villages and towns. The incidence of local infection cases in children aged 0-9 years was significantly higher than that in other villages and towns. The incidence composition of children of the same age in Myanmar is significantly lower than that of children of the same age in Myanmar. The incidence of local infections is mainly among students, and that of Myanmar is mainly from scattered children. This outbreak may be related to food contamination. Conclusion the incidence of hepatitis A in the border county of China and Myanmar is at a high risk of transmission from Myanmar. It is an effective method to control the outbreak of hepatitis A by strengthening the vaccination of hepatitis A vaccine and detecting and dealing with the aggregated epidemic situation in time.
【作者单位】：云南省疾病预防控制中心;镇康县疾病预防控制中心;临沧市疾病预防控制中心;
【分类号】：R512.61;R181.3

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