太原市杏花岭区2000年~2005年麻疹流行特征的分析
发布时间:2018-03-03 12:38
本文选题:麻疹 切入点:发病率 出处:《山西医科大学》2006年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】: 目的了解太原市杏花岭区麻疹的流行病学特点、人群麻疹免疫状况,确定易感人群;分析麻疹发病率近几年的变化趋势及原因,进而为控制麻疹疫情的发生,调整加速麻疹控制有关策略与措施的制定提供依据。方法对杏花岭区2000~2005年度麻疹疫情报告确诊的278例麻疹病例进行年发病率、季节分布、年龄别分布、职业分布等描述性研究,并进行麻疹发病与免疫接种关系流行病学调查及分析。结果①2000~2005年,杏花岭区共发生确诊麻疹病例278例,六年平均报告发病率为8.81/10万。2000~2003年麻疹发病率在0.59/10万~2.90/10万范围内波动,2004年麻疹发病率上升至20.12/10万,2005年上升到24.61/10万,呈明显上升趋势。②5岁病例组的年龄别构成比为46.76%;6~11岁组为29.14%;12~17岁组为6.12%;≥17岁组为17.99%。在5岁组中:8个月组的年龄别构成比为13.67%;8个月~1岁组为3.24%;1~2岁组为12.95%;3~5岁组为16.91%。8个月龄组病例数呈现逐年上升;8个月~1岁组保持低发病水平;1~2岁组、3~5岁组、6~11岁组在2004年出现病例数明显增高;12~17岁组、≥17岁组在2005年出现病例数明显增高。年龄构成比高发年份与低发年份差异很大,特别在大年龄组非常突出。2000年~2005年麻疹病例年龄别构成中5岁组病例呈现逐年下降的趋势;6~11岁组、≥17岁组呈现上升趋势。③一年中各季节均有病例发生,以冬春季多见;④麻疹发病职业分布中,散居儿童占到了39.21%,其次为学生占27.70%,托幼儿童构成比为14.39%,成年人构成比达到18.7%;⑤流动人口确诊病例9名,占确诊病例的8.41% ;⑥278例麻疹总病例中,未接种麻疹疫苗发病者46例占到总病例数的16.55%,主要分布在≤8个月龄的幼儿;既往接种过一次麻疹疫苗的95例占34.17%,接种史不详的137例占49.28%,278例麻疹患者均为MV未接种者或未进行全程接种者,尚未发现全程免疫者发病。结论近年来麻疹发病率增高的主要原因是计划免疫滑坡。结果提示:8月龄婴儿患麻疹可能与6~8月龄儿胎传IgG抗体水平较低有关;6~11岁年龄组发病与麻疹疫苗复种率偏低有关;发病年龄向后推移与易感人群积累有关;流动人口儿童的计划免疫仍得不到保障。加强全程足量MV接种是降低麻疹发病率的重要措施。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Xinghualing District of Taiyuan City, to determine the measles immune status among the population, to determine the susceptible population, and to analyze the changing trend and causes of measles incidence in recent years, and to control the occurrence of measles epidemic situation. Methods the annual incidence rate, seasonal distribution, age distribution and occupational distribution of 278 measles cases confirmed in 2000 / 05 measles epidemic situation report in Xinghualing District were studied. Epidemiological investigation and analysis of the relationship between measles incidence and immunization were carried out. Results from 2000 to 2005, 278 confirmed measles cases occurred in Xinghualing District. The average reported incidence of measles in six years was 8.81 / 100 thousand. From 2000 to 2003, the measles incidence rate fluctuated in the range of 0.59 / 100,000 / 2.90 / 100 thousand. In 2004, the incidence rate of measles rose to 20.12 / 100,000, and in 2005 it rose to 2461 / 100 thousand. The age composition ratio of the 25-year-old case group is 46. 76 years old and the age-specific ratio of the age group is 26. 14 and 12. 17 years old group is 6.12; the 鈮,
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