环保型蝇类控制技术的初步研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 00:32

本文选题：家蝇　切入点：大头金蝇　出处：《浙江大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 蝇类与人类关系密切,除直接骚扰外,还可传播多种疾病。当前我国蝇类防制主要是以化学防制为主。然而,化学杀蝇剂的大量使用不但污染环境,而且蝇类易产生抗性。因此,迫切需要寻找其他替代性蝇类防制方法。本文以国内常见蝇种家蝇和大头金蝇为研究对象,开展环保型蝇类控制新技术的初步研究,主要研究了两种植物叶提取物在野外和室内的诱蝇作用,同时分析了两种植物叶提取物的主要化学成分。主要研究结果如下: (1)室外测定了广玉兰和桂花树的叶提取物对蝇类的引诱性,并在室内利用“Y”型嗅觉仪测定了两种植物的叶提取物对家蝇和大头金蝇的引诱作用。结果表明1000mg/L的玉兰叶提取物、1000mg/L和100mg/L的桂花叶提取物在野外对家蝇成虫具有很强的引诱力,与对照相比,差异显著(p＜0.05)。与对照相比,其它各处理浓度对家蝇成虫均没有明显的引诱作用(p＞0.05)。在“Y”型嗅觉仪内,10mg/L的玉兰叶提取物和200mg/L的桂花叶提取物对家蝇有明显的引诱性,与对照相比差异明显(p＜0.05)。10mg/L和5mg/L的玉兰叶提取物、200mg/L和100mg/L的桂花叶提取物对大头金蝇有明显的引诱性(p＞0.05)。其它各处理浓度对家蝇和大头金蝇均没有明显的引诱作用(p＞0.05)。(200mg/L桂树+10mg/L玉兰)、(200mg/L桂树+1mg/L玉兰)的提取物混合物对家蝇有明显的引诱作用,(100mg/L桂树+1mg/L玉兰)的提取物混合物对大头金蝇有明显的引诱性,与对照相比差异显著(p＜0.05)。其它各处理浓度对家蝇和大头金蝇均没有明显的引诱作用(p＞0.05)。 (2)利用GC/MS分析方法测定了玉兰和桂花的叶提取物中的主要化学成分。分析结果表明,广玉兰叶提取物的主要成分为单萜、单萜氧化物、倍半萜和倍半萜氧化物,其中相对含量较多的有3-甲基癸酸、亚油酸、[1S(1α,2β,4β]-1-乙烯基-1-甲基-2,4-二(1-甲基乙烯基)-环已烷、[1S[1αR~*,4aβ,5β,8aα]]-5,8a-二甲基-2-亚甲基-α-乙烯基十氢-5-(羟基甲基)-α-1-萘丙醇、莰烯、2,2-二甲基-3,4-戊二烯醛、γ-榄香烯等,此外还含有少量的芳樟醇、石竹烯、肉桂酸、覆盆子酮、大栊牛儿烯、4(14),11-桉叶二烯、α-法尼烯、环已烯甲酸、橙花叔醇、丁香醇、匙叶桉油烯醇、罗勒烯、肉豆蔻酸等。桂树叶提取物的主要成分为(3-氧代-2-戊-2-烯环戊基)乙酸、9,12,15-十八碳三烯醛、邻氟苯甲酸甲酯、D-山梨醇、对羟基苯乙醇、蒎烷、异丁香酚等,其中还含有少量的苯甲醛、愈创木酚、水杨酸甲酯、月桂酸异丙酯、香豆灵酸甲酯、六氢法呢基丙酮、反式肉桂酸等。分析结果表明,广玉兰的叶提取物和桂树叶提取物均含有异丁香酚、丁香醇等单萜类芳香化合物,以及苯甲醛、肉桂酸、植醇、山梨醇等其它芳香物及其类似物。这些化合物对家蝇和大头金蝇均具有一定的引诱性。
[Abstract]:Flies are closely related to human beings. Besides direct disturbance, they can also spread many diseases. At present, the control of flies in China is mainly controlled by chemical control. However, the extensive use of chemical fly killer not only pollutes the environment, but also pollutes the environment. Therefore, it is urgent to find other alternative control methods for flies. In this paper, the common species of flies, Musca domestica and Drosophila macrocephala, are taken as the research objects, and a preliminary study on the new technology of environmental protection control of flies is carried out. The effects of two plant leaf extracts on the induction of flies in the field and indoor were studied, and the main chemical constituents of the two plant leaf extracts were analyzed. The main results were as follows:. The leaf extracts of Magnolia Magnolia and Osmanthus mandarinensis were tested for their attractiveness to flies. The effects of leaf extracts of two kinds of plants on housefly and golden fly were determined by "Y" olfactometer in laboratory. The results showed that 1000mg / L and 100mg / L osmanthus leaf extract had strong attraction to housefly adults in the field. Compared with the control, the difference was significant (p < 0.05). Compared with the control, the other treatments had no obvious inducement effect on housefly adults (p > 0.05). In "Y" olfactory apparatus, 10 mg / L of Magnolia leaf extract and 200 mg / L of osmanthus leaf extract were attractive to Musca domestica. Compared with the control, the extract of Magnolia magnolia leaves with P < 0.05n.10mg / L and 5mg / L respectively has a marked attractiveness to Drosophila macrocephala (200mg / L) and 100mg / L osmanthus leaf extract (P > 0.05 mg / L). The other treatments have no obvious inducement effect on housefly and Drosophila macrocephala (p > 0.05 mg / L). 10 mg / L / L of Magnolia Magnolia (200mg / L) the mixture of extracts from the extract of 1 mg / L of Magnolia aurantia has a remarkable attraction to Musca domestica, and the mixture of extracts from the extract of 100 mg / L of Magnolia auratus has obvious attraction to Drosophila macrocephala. Compared with the control, the difference was significant (p < 0.05), and the other treatments had no obvious inducement effect on housefly and Drosophila macrocephala. The main chemical constituents in the leaf extracts of Magnolia and Osmanthus were determined by GC/MS. The results showed that the main components of the extracts were monoterpenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The relative contents of 3-methyl-decanoic acid, linoleic acid, [1S-1 伪 -t2 尾 -c4 尾] -1-vinyl -1-methyl-2o-4- dimethyl-1-methylvinyl-vinyl-cyclohexane, [1S [1 伪 -rhamne-4a 尾 -butene 5 尾 8a 伪]] -5o 8a- dimethyl-2-methylene-a-vinyl decahydro-5-( hydroxymethyl- 伪 -1-naphthyl propanol) were more than that in the other ones, and the relative contents of them were as follows: [1s [1 伪 -RHN] -dimethyl-2-methyl-2-methyl-2-methyl-a-vinyl-decahydro-5-propanol, Camphene 2- dimethyl -3n 4-pentadienal, 纬 -elemene, and so on. In addition, they also contain a small amount of linalool, caryophyllene, cinnamic acid, raspberry ketone, large mannitene, eucalyptus diene, 伪 -farnesene, cyclohexene formic acid, hesperidol, eugenol, Key leaf eucalyptus oil enol, basilerene, myristic acid and so on. The main components of the extract from leaves of Cinnamomum cinnamomatis are ~ (3) -oxo-2-pentyl-2-ene-cyclopentyl) acetic acid (912C) -15- (18) C-trienal, o-fluorobenzoate methyl ester (D-sorbitol), p-hydroxyphenethanol, pinane, isoeugenol, etc., which also contain a small amount of benzaldehyde. Guaiacol, methyl salicylate, isopropyl laurate, methyl coumarin, hexahydropropanone, trans cinnamic acid, etc. The results showed that the leaf extract and the leaf extract of Magnolia grandiflora contained monoterpene aromatic compounds, such as isoeugenol, eugenol, benzaldehyde, cinnamic acid, phytoalcohol, etc. Sorbitol and other aromatics and their analogues. These compounds are attractive to houseflies and Drosophila macrocephala.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：R184

【相似文献】