高淳县血吸虫病流行病学调查

发布时间：2018-04-20 15:00

本文选题：高浮县 + 血吸虫病　；参考：《南京农业大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：血吸虫病是由日本分体吸虫寄生于人和牛、羊、猪、犬等以及啮齿动物的门静脉系统的小血管内所致的一种严重地方性寄生虫病。曾广泛流行于我国长江流域及长江以南的12个省(直辖市、自治区),危害人畜甚为严重。我县地处长江以南,位于江苏省西南端,历史上曾为血吸虫病重疫区。后经多年大规模的灭螺等血防措施,到上世纪70年代疫情得到有效控制,1986年达到基本消灭血吸虫病的标准。但近年来,我县血吸虫病病人日益增多,疫情有迅速上升并向四周蔓延趋势。血吸虫病的流行病学调查是血防工作的重要组成部分,是认识血吸虫病流行规律和流行现象的重要方法。本研究旨在通过①螺情调查②水体感染性调查③动物感染情况调查④灭螺效果和⑤重点人群的疫病调查等五个方面,了解钉螺的分布地点、面积、感染率;受威胁人群的分布;疫区放牧动物的感染等情况,找出本地血吸虫病的流行特点和原因,以便因地制宜制订出科学有效的针对性防制措施,为进一步调整和完善我县的血防措施提供科学依据。调查结果为:2003年,查螺848.5万平方米,有螺面积达62.615万平方米,其中阳性螺面积达31.6万平方米,是2002年的26倍;四个哨鼠监测点测定结果分别为:杨家湾(水闸外侧)阳性率100%,南宕村阳性率96.67%,三坝阳性率100%,官溪河(水闸内侧)为阴性,哨鼠平均感染率为75.65%;动物血吸虫病阳性带虫牛2例;重点人群查病7064人,查出新感染病人418例,其中急感病人18例。2004年,查螺1279.15万平方米,确定有螺面积65.515万平方米,新发现钉螺面积2.88万平方米,其中阳性螺面积30.5325万平方米;六个哨鼠监测点测定结果为:南宕圩为35.71%,其它点为阴性;动物查病,阳性牛1头,阳性羊4只;重点人群查病,血检阳性人数为499人,粪检阳性人数34人,急感病人4人。结果表明,2004年我县的疫情已得到有效控制,主要表现在:①病人数明显下降;②小年龄组病人占病人总数比例小;③急感病人数减少。但钉螺面积仍在上升,阳性螺面积下降不明显,其主要原因可能为:①圩外有螺环境复杂,与安徽省当涂重疫区相连,直接受其影响,虽然我县每年进行药物灭螺,但只能控制其密度,不能彻底消灭:②圩内蟹塘钉螺扩散,主要是蟹塘喂螺蛳和水草所致。
[Abstract]:Schistosomiasis japonica is a severe endemic parasitic disease caused by the parasitism of human and small vessels of the portal vein system of cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs and rodents. It has been widely used in 12 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) in the Yangtze River valley and south of the Yangtze River in China, causing serious harm to people and animals. Located in the south of the Yangtze River and in the southwest end of Jiangsu Province, our county was once a severely affected area of schistosomiasis. After many years of large-scale schistosomiasis control measures, the epidemic situation was effectively controlled in the 1970s, and reached the standard of basically eliminating schistosomiasis in 1986. But in recent years, the schistosomiasis patients in our county are increasing day by day, and the epidemic situation is rising rapidly and spreading all around. The epidemiological investigation of schistosomiasis is an important part of schistosomiasis prevention and control and an important method to understand the epidemic law and phenomenon of schistosomiasis. The purpose of this study was to find out the distribution location, area, infection rate of Oncomelania hupensis and the distribution of threatened population in five aspects: 1 snail survey 2 water body infection survey 3 animal infection survey 4 snail killing effect and 5 key population epidemic investigation. The epidemic characteristics and causes of local schistosomiasis were found out in order to formulate scientific and effective measures to prevent and control schistosomiasis in epidemic areas, and to provide scientific basis for further adjustment and improvement of the measures of schistosomiasis control in our county. The results were as follows: in 2003, there were 8.485 million square meters of snails and 626150 square meters of snails, of which the area of positive snails was 316000 square meters, which was 26 times that of 2002. The positive rate of Yangjiawan (outside the sluice gate) was 100, the positive rate of Sanba was 100, the positive rate of Sanba was 100, the average infection rate of sentinel was 75.650.The positive rate of schistosomiasis was 2 cases of cattle with schistosomiasis. In 2004, 12.7915 million square meters of snails were checked, 655150 square meters of snail area was determined, and 28800 square meters of newly discovered snail area, of which 305325 square meters of positive snail area; The results of six sentinel rodent monitoring sites were as follows: Nandang Wei was 35.71, others were negative, animal disease was detected, positive cattle were 1, positive sheep were 4, blood test was positive in 499 people, fecal examination was positive in 34, and acute feeling was 4. The results showed that the epidemic situation in our county had been effectively controlled in 2004.The main manifestation was that the number of patients in the small age group decreased obviously, and the proportion of the patients in the small age group in the total number of patients decreased. However, the snail area is still rising, and the positive snail area is not obviously decreasing. The main reason may be that the snail environment is complicated outside the Wei 1 fair, which is directly affected by Dangtu heavy epidemic area in Anhui Province, although the drug is used to kill snails in our county every year. However, the density of Oncomelania hupensis in the crab pond could not be completely eliminated by controlling the density of the snail, which was mainly caused by the feeding of snails and water plants in the crab pond.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：R181.3;S855.9

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