流感大流行应对中公共卫生伦理学问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 12:30

本文选题：流感大流行 + 应对　；参考：《中国协和医科大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 流感大流行是指在全球范围暴发的流感。有证据表明,从2003年至今,流感大流行暴发的潜在风险越来越高。我国作为流感的多发地之一,积极应对流感大流行尤为必要。在流感大流行应对中,我们不仅要解决医学方面的问题,也需要解决伦理学方面的问题。探讨其间出现的伦理学问题及其可以得到伦理辩护的解决办法,是制定流感大流行应对政策和法律法规的基础,同时也为评价应对行动是否可以得到辩护提供了伦理学依据。本文从分析我国应对流感大流行的必要性入手,在阐释公共卫生伦理学基本原则的基础上,分析论证了流感大流行应对中三个主要公共卫生伦理学问题,试图为我国流感大流行应对行动提供一些探讨性的伦理学建议。本文首先分析了流感大流行在世界范围,尤其在我国发生的可能性以及应对的必要性,简要介绍了世界卫生组织和我国卫生部制定的流感大流行应急预案的主要内容。其次,提出了评价流感大流行应对行动时需要援引的公共卫生伦理学基本原则,即效用原则、公正原则、尊重原则、互助原则和相称性原则。接着,对流感大流行应对行动中的三个主要公共卫生伦理学问题,即:检疫/隔离措施中的伦理学问题、匮乏医疗资源分配中的伦理学问题、医护人员提供救治义务的伦理学问题,进行了分析论证。最后,研究了有关流感大流行应对伦理学指南的国际经验,对我国流感大流行应对行动提出了伦理学建议。
[Abstract]:An influenza pandemic is a global outbreak of influenza. There is evidence that the potential risk of influenza pandemic outbreaks has increased since 2003. As one of the most common places of influenza, it is necessary to deal with influenza pandemic actively in China. In influenza pandemic response, we need to solve not only medical problems, but also ethical problems. The discussion of the ethical problems and the solutions to the ethical defense are the basis of formulating the policy, laws and regulations of influenza pandemic response, and also provide the ethical basis for evaluating whether the response action can be defended or not. Based on the analysis of the necessity of responding to influenza pandemic in China, and on the basis of explaining the basic principles of public health ethics, this paper analyzes and demonstrates three major public health ethics issues in influenza pandemic response. This paper attempts to provide some exploratory ethical suggestions for the response to influenza pandemic in China. This paper first analyzes the possibility of influenza pandemic in the world, especially in our country, and the necessity to deal with it, and briefly introduces the main contents of the pandemic emergency plan formulated by WHO and the Ministry of Health of China. Secondly, it puts forward the basic principles of public health ethics that need to be invoked in evaluating influenza pandemic response, that is, the principle of utility, the principle of justice, the principle of respect, the principle of mutual aid and the principle of proportionality. Then, there are three major public health ethical issues in the influenza pandemic response, namely, the ethical issues in quarantine / quarantine measures, and the ethical issues in the allocation of scarce medical resources. The ethical problems of medical staff providing medical treatment are analyzed and demonstrated. Finally, the international experience of the ethical guidelines for influenza pandemic response is studied, and some ethical suggestions are put forward for the influenza pandemic response in China.
【学位授予单位】：中国协和医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R181.3;R-052

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