中朝长白山毗邻口岸区域鼠类和体表寄生虫及其携带病原初步研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 12:52

本文选题：摘要 + 医学媒介　；参考：《中国人民解放军军事医学科学院》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：虫媒传染病是一类重要的疾病。相当一部分通过节肢动物叮咬在啮齿动物间传播，感染人类引起人间的流行，仍是一个重要的公共卫生问题。开展中朝长白山毗邻区域鼠类和体表寄生虫及其携带病原的研究，对于两国间媒介传播传染病的联合防控是非常重要、也非常有意义的。朝鲜国与中朝边境线全长1334公里，其中陆界1289公里，水界45公里；该区域地处温带、亚热带地区，生物物种丰富，同时这些地区的气候和自然地理条件也非常适合多种医学媒介生物的生存繁殖，是蜱、鼠传疾病的高发区。朝鲜的传染病疫情向外界通报的情况极少。对于与我国长白山毗邻口岸区域尚缺乏基础性的系统研究。 2009年到2011年，中朝双方在朝方的惠山口岸和中方的长白口岸地区开展了为期3年的鼠、蜱等医学媒介生物联合调查研究。获得如下结果： 1、共捕获鼠类9种485只，其中中方355只，朝方130只，中方长白口岸区域以黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)为主，占总采样量的65.9%，另包括褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)7.6%，大林姬鼠(Apodemus peninsulae)10.4%，棕背（Clethrionomys rufocanus）6.2%，红背(Clethrionomys. rutilus Pallas)1.1%，大仓鼠(Cricetulus triton)3.9%，东方田鼠(Microtus fortis)4.5%，小家鼠(Musmusculus)0.3%；朝方惠山以褐家鼠为主，占总采样量的70.8%，另包括黑线姬鼠6.2%，大林姬鼠16.9%，棕背(4.6%，红背(0.8%，花鼠(Eutamiassibiricus)0.8%。除采样误差外，朝方人口密度大，森林覆盖面积低可能是鼠种密度差别的重要原因。该区域蚤、螨等体表寄生虫携带率比较高，2009年采集的合计蚤类14种，其中3种为双方共发现种。5种仅在中方方发现，6种仅在朝方发现。厩真厉螨(E ulaelaps stabularis Koch)是当地螨虫的优势种群，占所分拣总数的95%。并在中方捕获游离蜱森林革蜱(Dermacentor silvarum)约700只。 2、亚洲是肺出血热病例最多的地区，朝鲜出现热病毒情况现在外界基本无了解。本次从朝鲜采集的褐家鼠中，分离出汉城型病毒(Seoul virus)16例，阳性率为17.4%（16/92），显示朝方褐家鼠具有很高的病毒携带率，根据其序列特征，和S3亚型比较接近。中国是世界上出血热病例最多的国家，主要由汉滩型（Hantaan virus）和汉城型（Seoul virus）出血热病毒引起，前期的研究显示出血热疫区常有两种汉坦病毒亚型共存。 3、本研究显示在长白县境内存在汉滩型、汉城型和Amur型（Amur viurs）三种类型的汉坦病毒，但汉城型病毒仅在2010年位于长白大桥的江边检测到，随着2010年当地政府对江边进行整修，随后在该位置的连续三次监测皆未检测出汉城型病毒。本研究还发现在鸭绿江流域地区检测到Amur型汉坦病毒的M片段和Amur病毒原型株AP209的同源性为93%，和国内报道的序列同源性为95%到97%， S片段和Amur病毒原型株AP209的同源性为91%，和国内报道的序列同源性为97%。L片段和Amur病毒原型株AP209的同源性仅为88%。 4、本研究从54组森林革蜱样本中检测到4份阳性，并进行了全序列测定，显示在长白山东坡的游离森林革蜱中存在远东型森林脑炎病毒。本研究提示该地区也可能是该病毒的自然疫源地，需加强监测和研究。 5、本研究用立克次体特异的gltA和ompB基因片段扩增引物，检测中朝双方捕获鼠中分拣的534只厩真厉螨、森林革蜱、黑线姬鼠和大林姬鼠。通过序列测定, BLAST分析和phylogenetic构建显示两个扩增基因与猫立克次体（Rickettsia felis）同源性最高，但与黑龙江立克次体有较大的差异。本研究首次在我国大陆地区和朝鲜国报道了与猫立克次体近缘的立克次体存在，并从厩真厉螨中检出该立克次体。这为我国和朝鲜开展此病原的研究提供了参考。
[Abstract]:Insect borne infectious diseases are an important class of diseases. A considerable portion of the disease is transmitted by arthropod bites among rodents, infecting human prevalence, and still an important public health problem. Studies on rodents and parasites and their carrying diseases in the adjacent regions of Changbai Mountain, China, are carried out for the media transmission of infectious diseases between the two countries. Joint prevention and control is very important and meaningful.
The North Korean and China DPRK border line is 1334 kilometers long, of which the land boundary is 1289 kilometers and the water boundary is 45 kilometers. The region is located in the temperate zone, the subtropical region is rich in biological species. At the same time, the climate and the natural geographical conditions of these regions are also very suitable for the survival and reproduction of various medical media organisms. It is a high incidence area of ticks and rat borne diseases. The epidemic disease of North Korea is the epidemic disease. There is very little information about the situation. There is no systematic research on the area adjacent to our Changbai Mountain port.
From 2009 to 2011, China and the DPRK carried out a 3 year joint investigation on the medical media of mice and ticks in the Huishan port of the DPRK and the Chinese Changbai port area. The following results were obtained:
1, a total of 9 species of rodent were captured, including 355 Chinese and 130 DPRK. The Chinese Changbai port area was dominated by Apodemus agrarius, accounting for 65.9% of the total sampling, including Rattus norvegicus (Rattus norvegicus) 7.6%, Apodemus peninsulae (Apodemus peninsulae) 10.4%, Clethrionomys rufocanus 6.2%, and Clethrionomys. Rutilus Pal. LAS) 1.1%, Cricetulus Triton (Cricetulus triton), Oriental vole (Microtus fortis) 4.5%, and small family mouse (Musmusculus) 0.3%; DPRK was dominated by Rattus norvegicus, accounting for 70.8% of the total sampling, including 6.2% of the Apodemus black line, 16.9% of Dalin's Apodemus, and brown back (4.6%, red back (0.8%, Eutamiassibiricus) 0.8%., and the population density of the DPRK was large. The low forest cover area may be an important reason for the difference in the density of the species. The rate of the parasites, such as the fleas and mites in the region, is high. There are 14 species of total fleas collected in 2009, of which 3 are found only in the Chinese side, and the 6 species are only found in the Korean side. The stable mites (E ulaelaps stabularis Koch) are the dominant species of the local mites. The group accounted for 95%. of the total number of sorted species and captured about 700 Dermacentor ticks silvarum in China.
2, Asia is the most case of pulmonary haemorrhagic fever, and there is no understanding of the occurrence of thermo virus in Korea. From the Korean Rattus norvegicus, 16 cases of Seoul virus (Seoul virus) are isolated, the positive rate is 17.4% (16/92), which shows the high virus carrying rate of the Korean Rattus norvegicus, which is compared with the S3 subtype according to its sequence characteristics. China is the country with most cases of hemorrhagic fever in the world, mainly caused by the Hantaan virus (Hantaan virus) and the Seoul type (Seoul virus) hemorrhagic fever virus. The previous study showed that there were two hantavirus subtypes coexisting in the epidemic area of hemorrhagic fever.
3, this study showed that there were three types of Hantaan virus in Hantaan, Seoul and Amur (Amur viurs) in Changbai County, but the Seoul virus was detected only in the river side of the Changbai bridge in 2010. With the local government refurbished by the local government in 2010, the Seoul virus was not detected in the subsequent three consecutive monitoring sites. The study also found that the homology of the M fragment of Amur type Hantavirus and the Amur virus prototype strain AP209 was 93%, and the homology from the domestic reported sequence was 95% to 97%. The homology of the S fragment and the Amur virus prototype strain AP209 was 91%, and the homology of the domestic reported sequence was 97%.L fragment and Amur virus prototype strain AP209. The homology is only 88%.
4, in this study, 4 positive samples were detected from 54 sets of tick samples and a full sequence determination showed that there was a far east type forest encephalitis virus in the free forest leather ticks on the eastern slope of Changbai Mountain. This study suggested that the region may also be a natural source of the virus, and it needs to be monitored and studied.
5, the primers were amplified by the Rickettsia Rickettsia specific gltA and ompB gene fragments to detect the 534 stable mites, leathers, Apodemus and Dalin Apodemus. Through sequencing, BLAST analysis and phylogenetic construction showed that two amplifications were the highest homology with the cat rickettsia (Rickettsia felis). However, there is a great difference between the Rickettsia and Rickettsia in Heilongjiang and China. The Rickettsia Rickettsia near the cat Rickettsia has been reported for the first time in China and North Korea, and the Rickettsia is detected from the stable mites. This provides a reference for the study of this pathogen in China and Korea.

【学位授予单位】：中国人民解放军军事医学科学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R184

【参考文献】